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In psychology and neuroscience, executive dysfunction, or executive function deficit, is a disruption to the efficacy of the executive functions, which is a group of cognitive processes that regulate, control, and manage other cognitive processes. [1] Executive dysfunction can refer to both neurocognitive deficits and behavioural symptoms.
The term was introduced by Alan Baddeley [2] [3] to describe a common pattern of dysfunction in executive functions, such as planning, abstract thinking, flexibility and behavioural control. It is thought to be Baddeley's hypothesized working memory system and the central executive that are the hypothetical systems impaired in DES. [2]
An alternative definition is depression executive dysfunction (DED) syndrome and focuses on the link between clinical symptoms of cardiovascular risk and depressive symptoms. Both of these competing definitions are supported in the literature and provide a strategy to diagnose vascular depression.
Chronic disruption to the brain processes that control our thoughts, memory, and emotions.
Frontal lobe disorder, also frontal lobe syndrome, is an impairment of the frontal lobe of the brain due to disease or frontal lobe injury. [5] The frontal lobe plays a key role in executive functions such as motivation, planning, social behaviour, and speech production.
Investigating Executive Dysfunction in Depression and At-Risk Individuals. Pizzagalli's research reveals the association between the behavioral impairments in depression and an exaggerated, automatic neural response to errors, along with limited recruitment of brain regions responsible for cognitive control.
The executive system has been traditionally quite hard to define, mainly due to what psychologist Paul W. Burgess calls a lack of "process-behaviour correspondence". [98] That is, there is no single behavior that can in itself be tied to executive function, or indeed executive dysfunction. For example, it is quite obvious what reading-impaired ...
President Donald Trump signed 32 executive orders in his first 100 days. Presidential usage of executive orders has varied wildly throughout history. George Washington issued eight. Wartime presidents have issued the most, like Franklin Delano Roosevelt (with nearly 4,000) and Woodrow Wilson (nearly 2,000).
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