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Irrigation (also referred to as watering of plants) is the practice of applying controlled amounts of water to land to help grow crops, landscape plants, and lawns. Irrigation has been a key aspect of agriculture for over 5,000 years and has been developed by many cultures around the world. Irrigation helps to grow crops, maintain landscapes ...
An irrigation sprinkler (also known as a water sprinkler or simply a sprinkler) is a device used to irrigate (water) agricultural crops, lawns, landscapes, golf courses, and other areas. They are also used for cooling and for the control of airborne dust. [citation needed] Sprinkler irrigation is the method of applying water in a controlled ...
Spate irrigation (from the English word spate, meaning: a. a flood or inundation. b. a river flooding its banks) uses seasonal floods of rivers, streams, ponds and lakes to fill water storage basins. It is an ancient method of irrigation in arid and semi-arid climates in the Middle East, North Africa, West Asia, East Africa and parts of Latin ...
Drip irrigation. Drip irrigation or trickle irrigation is a type of micro-irrigation system that has the potential to save water and nutrients by allowing water to drip slowly to the roots of plants, either from above the soil surface or buried below the surface. The goal is to place water directly into the root zone and minimize evaporation.
Irrigation schemes in the world use about 3 500 km 3 water per year, of which 74% is evaporated by the crops. [7] This is some 80% of all water used by mankind (4 400 km 3 per year). The water used for irrigation is roughly 25% of the annually available water resources (14 000 km 3) and 9% of all annual river discharges in the hydrological cycle.
Center-pivot irrigation (sometimes called central pivot irrigation), also called water-wheel and circle irrigation, is a method of crop irrigation in which equipment rotates around a pivot and crops are watered with sprinklers. [1][2] A circular area centered on the pivot is irrigated, often creating a circular pattern in crops when viewed from ...
A shadoof or shaduf[1] is an irrigation tool that is used to lift water from a water source onto land or into another waterway or basin. It is highly efficient, and has been known since 3000 BCE. [citation needed] The mechanism of a shadoof comprises a long counterbalanced pole on a pivot, with a bucket attached to the end of it.
Water pumping. The pumping of water is a basic and practical technique, far more practical than scooping it up with one's hands or lifting it in a hand-held bucket. This is true whether the water is drawn from a fresh source, moved to a needed location, purified, or used for irrigation, washing, or sewage treatment, or for evacuating water from ...
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