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A lithium-ion or Li-ion battery is a type of rechargeable battery that uses the reversible intercalation of Li + ions into electronically conducting solids to store energy. In comparison with other commercial rechargeable batteries, Li-ion batteries are characterized by higher specific energy, higher energy density, higher energy efficiency, a longer cycle life, and a longer calendar life.
The lithium nickel cobalt aluminium oxides (abbreviated as Li-NCA, LNCA, or NCA) are a group of mixed metal oxides. Some of them are important due to their application in lithium-ion batteries. NCAs are used as active material in the positive electrode (which is the cathode when the battery is discharged).
Cell to Pack (CTP) - battery cells into battery pack without modules; Cell to Chassis (CTC) - battery cells into frame or chassis, batteries maybe used as part of structural integrity or to increase structural strength; Cell to Body (CTB) - battery cells into vehicle body [41] [42] [43]
Lithium is a highly reactive alkali metal that is widely used in various industrial applications due to its unique properties. Lithium compounds are formed by combining lithium with other elements, such as oxygen , sulfur , and chlorine , to form different chemical compounds.
Lithium nickel manganese cobalt oxides (abbreviated NMC, Li-NMC, LNMC, or NCM) are mixed metal oxides of lithium, nickel, manganese and cobalt with the general formula LiNi x Mn y Co 1-x-y O 2. These materials are commonly used in lithium-ion batteries for mobile devices and electric vehicles, acting as the positively charged cathode.
The compound is now used as the cathode in some rechargeable lithium-ion batteries, with particle sizes ranging from nanometers to micrometers. [10] [9] During charging, the cobalt is partially oxidized to the +4 state, with some lithium ions moving to the electrolyte, resulting in a range of compounds Li x CoO 2 with 0 < x < 1. [3]
Lithium iodide is used as a solid-state electrolyte for high-temperature batteries. It is also the standard electrolyte in artificial pacemakers [6] due to the long cycle life it enables. [7] The solid is used as a phosphor for neutron detection. [8] It is also used, in a complex with Iodine, in the electrolyte of dye-sensitized solar cells.
3 is a lithium rich layered rocksalt structure that is made of alternating layers of lithium ions and lithium and manganese ions in a 1:2 ratio, similar to the layered structure of LiCoO 2. In the nomenclature of layered compounds it can be written Li(Li 0.33 Mn 0.67)O 2. [7] Although Li 2 MnO