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A numerically controlled oscillator (NCO) is a digital signal generator which creates a synchronous (i.e., clocked), discrete-time, discrete-valued representation of a waveform, usually sinusoidal. [1] NCOs are often used in conjunction with a digital-to-analog converter (DAC) at the output to create a direct digital synthesizer (DDS). [3]
[The formula does not make clear over what the summation is done. P C = 1 n ⋅ ∑ p t p 0 {\displaystyle P_{C}={\frac {1}{n}}\cdot \sum {\frac {p_{t}}{p_{0}}}} On 17 August 2012 the BBC Radio 4 program More or Less [ 3 ] noted that the Carli index, used in part in the British retail price index , has a built-in bias towards recording ...
In statistics, a pivotal quantity or pivot is a function of observations and unobservable parameters such that the function's probability distribution does not depend on the unknown parameters (including nuisance parameters). [1]
Equation: = + Meaning: A unit increase in X is associated with an average of b units increase in Y. Equation: = + (From exponentiating both sides of the equation: =) Meaning: A unit increase in X is associated with an average increase of b units in (), or equivalently, Y increases on an average by a multiplicative factor of .
In statistics, especially in Bayesian statistics, the kernel of a probability density function (pdf) or probability mass function (pmf) is the form of the pdf or pmf in which any factors that are not functions of any of the variables in the domain are omitted. [1] Note that such factors may well be functions of the parameters of the pdf or pmf.
In statistics, the 68–95–99.7 rule, also known as the empirical rule, and sometimes abbreviated 3sr, is a shorthand used to remember the percentage of values that lie within an interval estimate in a normal distribution: approximately 68%, 95%, and 99.7% of the values lie within one, two, and three standard deviations of the mean, respectively.
The interarrival times of this Poisson process are exponentially distributed with rate of decay equal to the frequency of exceedance N(y max). [5] Thus, the mean time between peaks, including the residence time or mean time before the very first peak, is the inverse of the frequency of exceedance N −1 ( y max ) .
NLOGIT – comprehensive statistics and econometrics package; nQuery Sample Size Software – Sample Size and Power Analysis Software [7] O-Matrix – programming language; OriginPro – statistics and graphing, programming access to NAG library; PASS Sample Size Software (PASS) – power and sample size software from NCSS