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  2. Instantaneous wave-free ratio - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Instantaneous_wave-free_ratio

    The instantaneous wave-free ratio (iFR, sometimes referred to as the instant wave-free ratio or instant flow reserve) is a diagnostic tool used to assess whether a stenosis is causing a limitation of blood flow in coronary arteries with subsequent ischemia. iFR is performed during cardiac catheterisation (angiography) using invasive coronary pressure wires which are placed in the coronary ...

  3. Venous access - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venous_access

    In some situations, venous access is obtained by inserting catheters into the large central veins of the trunk of the body such as the internal jugular, subclavian, or femoral veins. This type of venous access is performed with central venous catheters (CVCs) , and is required in certain situations where peripheral access is inadequate.

  4. Fractional flow reserve - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fractional_flow_reserve

    Fractional flow reserve (FFR) is a diagnostic technique used in coronary catheterization.FFR measures pressure differences across a coronary artery stenosis (narrowing, usually due to atherosclerosis) to determine the likelihood that the stenosis impedes oxygen delivery to the heart muscle (myocardial ischemia).

  5. Cardiac catheterization - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cardiac_catheterization

    Cardiac catheterization (heart cath) is the insertion of a catheter into a chamber or vessel of the heart.This is done both for diagnostic and interventional purposes. A common example of cardiac catheterization is coronary catheterization that involves catheterization of the coronary arteries for coronary artery disease and myocardial infarctions ("heart attacks").

  6. Coronary catheterization - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coronary_catheterization

    Additionally, several other devices can be advanced into the artery via a guiding catheter. These include laser catheters, stent catheters, IVUS catheters, Doppler catheter, pressure or temperature measurement catheter and various clot and grinding or removal devices. Most of these devices have turned out to be niche devices, only useful in a ...

  7. Venous cutdown - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venous_cutdown

    Venous cutdown is an emergency procedure in which the vein is exposed surgically and then a cannula is inserted into the vein under direct vision. It is used for venous access in cases of trauma, and hypovolemic shock when the use of a peripheral venous catheter is either difficult or impossible.

  8. Intima–media thickness - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intima–media_thickness

    The use of IMT as a non-invasive tool to track changes in arterial walls has increased substantially since the mid-1990s. [1] Although carotid IMT is predictive of future cardiovascular events , [ 4 ] the usefulness of measuring change in carotid IMT over time is disputed, as meta-analyses have not found that change in carotid IMT is predictive ...

  9. Coronary artery bypass surgery - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coronary_artery_bypass_surgery

    Purse string sutures are placed in the aorta to prepare the insertions of the cannula into the aorta, and a catheter which temporarily arrests the heart using a solution high in potassium. Another purse string is placed in the right atrium for the venous cannula. Once the cannulas and the catheter are placed, cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) is ...

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