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People in love "reading" each other's mind involves a projection of the self into the other. [1] Projection of general guilt: Projection of a severe conscience [28] is another form of defense, one which may be linked to the making of false accusations, personal or political. [22] Projection of hope: Also, in a more positive light, a patient may ...
In this position before the secure internalisation of a good object to protect the ego, the immature ego deals with its anxiety by splitting off bad feelings and projecting them out. However, this causes paranoia. Schizoid refers to the central defense mechanism: splitting, the vigilant separation of the good object from the bad object.
Splitting – "the division of external objects into 'all good' or 'all bad ' " [65] – begins to be resolved when the self and the other can be seen as possessing both good and bad qualities. Having hateful thoughts about the other does not mean that the self is all hateful and does not mean that the other person is all hateful either.
In the latter, the individual has a problem with object constancy and sees others as all good or all bad, thus bolstering idealization and devaluation. At this stage idealization is associated with borderline pathology. At the other end of the continuum, idealization is said to be a necessary precursor for feelings of mature love. [8]
On the other hand, when outside observers predict task completion times, they tend to exhibit a pessimistic bias, overestimating the time needed. [ 4 ] [ 5 ] The planning fallacy involves estimates of task completion times more optimistic than those encountered in similar projects in the past.
In line with general social projection, ingroup projection research has shown that individuals have a tendency to project features of their own ingroup onto another superordinate group category. [14] For example, Germans may project what they perceive to be German qualities onto the superordinate group category of Europeans.
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Another straightforward illustration could be a youngster who is being bullied at school. Unknowingly adopting the bully's behavior, the victim youngster may do so to stop being picked on in the future. [9] Projection has been described as an early phase of introjection. [10]