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The G4 virus, also known as the "G4 swine flu virus" (G4) and "G4 EA H1N1", is a swine influenza virus strain discovered in China. [68] The virus is a variant genotype 4 (G4) Eurasian avian-like (EA) H1N1 virus that mainly affects pigs, but there is some evidence of it infecting people. [68]
The virus is a variant genotype 4 (G4) Eurasian avian-like (EA) H1N1 virus that mainly affects pigs, but there is some evidence of it infecting people. [119] A peer-reviewed paper from the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences ( PNAS ) stated that "G4 EA H1N1 viruses possess all the essential hallmarks of being highly adapted to ...
These subtypes are named H1 through H18. H16 was discovered in 2004 on IAVs isolated from black-headed gulls from Sweden and Norway. H17 was discovered in 2012 in fruit bats. [8] [9] Most recently, H18 was discovered in a Peruvian bat in 2013. [10] The first three hemagglutinins, H1, H2, and H3, are found in influenza viruses that infect humans.
There are various subtypes of hemagglutinins, in which H1, H2, and H3 are known to have human susceptibility. [8] It is the variation in hemagglutinin (and neuraminidase) subtypes that require health organizations (ex. WHO) to constantly update and surveil the known circulating flu viruses in human and animal populations (ex. H5N1).
The 2009 swine flu pandemic, caused by the H1N1/swine flu/influenza virus and declared by the World Health Organization (WHO) from June 2009 to August 2010, was the third recent flu pandemic involving the H1N1 virus (the first being the 1918–1920 Spanish flu pandemic and the second being the 1977 Russian flu).
Between December 1988 and March 1989, 19 influenza H1N2 virus isolates were identified in 6 cities in China, but the virus did not spread further. [2]A(H1N2) was identified during the 2001–02 flu season (northern hemisphere) in Canada, the U.S., Ireland, Latvia, France, Romania, Oman, India, Malaysia, and Singapore with earliest documented outbreak of the virus occurring in India on May 31 ...
Influenza A virus subtype H3N2 (A/H3N2) is a subtype of influenza A virus (IAV). Some human-adapted strains of A/H3N2 are endemic in humans and are one cause of seasonal influenza (flu). [1] Other strains of H1N1 are endemic in pigs (swine influenza) and in birds (avian influenza). [2]
The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) identified the first two A/09(H1N1) swine flu cases in California on April 17, 2009, via the Border Infectious Disease Program, [135] for a San Diego County child, and a naval research facility studying a special diagnostic test, where influenza sample from the child from Imperial County was tested. [136]