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Richard Llewellyn's novel How Green Was My Valley (1939) describes the social and environmental effects of coal mining in Wales at the turn of the 20th century. The local mine's spoil tip, which he calls a slag heap, is the central figure of devastation. Eventually the pile overtakes the entire valley and crushes Huw Morgan's house:
By 1966 there were seven spoil heaps, comprising approximately 2.6 million cu yd (2.0 million m 3) of waste. [8] [9] [a] Tips 4 and 5 were conical mounds at the apex of the slope, although Tip 4 was misshapen from an earlier slip; the remaining five were lower down; all were directly above the village. Tip 7 was the only one being used in 1966.
In the 1966 Aberfan disaster in Wales, a colliery spoil tip collapsed, engulfing a school and killing 116 children and 28 adults. Other accidents involving coal waste include the Martin County coal slurry spill (US, 2000), the Kingston Fossil Plant coal fly ash slurry spill (US, 2008), and the Obed Mountain coal mine spill (Canada, 2013).
The first step in the investigation of archaeometallurgical slag is the identification and macro-analysis of slag in the field. Physical properties of slag such as shape, colour, porosity and even smell are used to make a primary classification to ensure representative samples from slag heaps are obtained for future micro-analysis.
Some of the slate waste heaps or slag heaps that were left behind from hundreds of years of mining are now being put to use as materials for roads. In 2002 the Moel Tryfan quarry was used to film Lara Croft Tomb Raider: The Cradle of Life. The village school, Ysgol Bronyfoel, [2] was established in 1844 as the first school in the Nantlle Valley ...
Slag run-off from one of the open hearth furnaces of a steel mill, Republic Steel, Youngstown, Ohio, November 1941. Slag is drawn off the furnace just before the molten steel is poured into ladles for ingotting. There are three types of slag: ferrous, ferroalloy, non-ferrous slags, which are produced through different smelting processes.
Excavation, dredging and off-site disposal were the EPA’s preferred method of cleanup. Slag, battery casings, and any other polluted material along with the soil the materials have contaminated would be dug up or dredged and disposed of at off-site facilities. [15] The surface water would be monitored to test if the removal increases any ...
Wales is a town in Erie County, New York, United States. The town is one of the "Southtowns" of Erie County by virtue of its position in the southeast part of the county, southeast of Buffalo . As of the 2010 census the town had a population of 3,005.