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The real-life jet injector is usually applied at the top of the arm, but the fictional hypospray is sometimes applied at the neck. It administers medication subcutaneously and intramuscularly. [4] The hypospray is extremely versatile, as the medicine vials can be quickly swapped out from the bottom of the hypospray.
Hypospray Jet Injector used in typhus vaccination at a US military base, 1959 A jet injector being used in 1973, in Campada, Guinea-Bissau. 19th century: Workmen in France had accidental jet injections with high-powered grease guns. [19]
Re the 1947 use of "hypospray": please insert it. Anthony Appleyard 21:26, 21 September 2007 (UTC) Re. "1960: Aaron Ismach invented and patented the Jet Injector medical device which was used for quick mass vaccination for smallpox and other diseases."
In the early 1960, Ismach developed a jet injector with an hydraulic pump operated by a foot pedal, known as the Ped-O-Jet. [2] In 1964, Aaron Ismach invented an intradermal nozzle for the injector, which allowed delivery of the smallpox vaccines. He was awarded the Exceptional Civilian Service Award for his invention.
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A photograph of Vladimir Gigauri. Vladimir Spiridonovich Gigauri (Georgian: ვლადიმერ გიგაური; April 10, 1934, Tbilisi – February 4, 2006, Moscow) was a renowned Georgian-born Soviet scientist in the fields of medicine, biomedical engineering, military, and space.
A jet injection aims to create a release of pressure strong enough to push a liquid medication dose through a small orifice. This is usually done with the help of an energy source which is mechanical. With this, a thin column of fluid is created which has the force to penetrate soft tissues, thus a needle is not required. [15] Advantages:
The vaccine is given as an intradermal injection using a spring-powered jet injector. [2] [3] This is because successful transfection of DNA vaccines requires traveling across both the cell plasma membrane and the nuclear membrane, [4] and using a conventional needle gives poor results and leads to low immunogenicity. [4] [5]