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Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR), or fetal growth restriction, is the poor growth of a fetus while in the womb during pregnancy. IUGR is defined by clinical features of malnutrition and evidence of reduced growth regardless of an infant's birth weight percentile. [ 5 ]
As a syndrome, a diagnosis is typically given for children upon confirmation of the presence of several symptoms listed below. [2] Symptoms are intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) combined with some of the following: Often small for gestational age (SGA) at birth (birth weight less than 2.8 kg)
If small for gestational age babies have been the subject of intrauterine growth restriction, formerly known as intrauterine growth retardation, [5] the term "SGA associated with intrauterine growth restriction" is used. Intrauterine growth restriction refers to a condition in which a fetus is unable to achieve its genetically determined ...
Preeclampsia is considered to be linked with Placental Disease, as well as intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) and placental abruptions are risk factors that lead to placental disease. [10] Especially when these symptoms are evident at early stages of pregnancy. [3]
VUE is a recurrent condition and can be associated with intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR). IUGR involves the poor growth of the foetus, stillbirth, miscarriage, and premature delivery. [1] [2] VUE recurs in about 1/3 of subsequent pregnancies. [3] VUE is a common lesion characterised by inflammation in the placental chorionic villi.
Intrauterine growth restriction may cause or be the result of hypoxia. Intrauterine hypoxia can cause cellular damage that occurs within the central nervous system (the brain and spinal cord). This results in an increased mortality rate, including an increased risk of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS).
Triploid fetuses have intrauterine growth restriction beginning early in the pregnancy, as early as 12 weeks, and does not affect the head as severely as the body. Oligohydramnios, low levels of amniotic fluid, is common in triploid pregnancies. Placental abnormalities are common in triploidy.
Patients typically present in early childhood with cerebellar hypoplasia, immunodeficiency, progressive bone marrow failure, and intrauterine growth restriction. [2] The primary cause of death in Hoyeraal–Hreidasson syndrome is bone marrow failure, but mortality from cancer and pulmonary fibrosis is also significant. [4] [5] [6]