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These drugs block one or more of the nerve signals that cause nausea and vomiting. During the first 24 hours after chemotherapy, the most effective approach appears to be blocking the 5-HT 3 nerve signal. [10] Approved 5-HT 3 inhibitors include dolasetron (Anzemet), granisetron (Kytril, Sancuso), and ondansetron (Zofran). Their antiemetic ...
Postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) is the phenomenon of nausea, vomiting, or retching experienced by a patient in the post-anesthesia care unit (PACU) or within 24 hours following a surgical procedure. PONV affects about 10% of the population undergoing general anaesthesia each year. PONV can be unpleasant and lead to a delay in ...
The systems of the body most affected by chemotherapy drugs include visual and semantic memory, attention and motor coordination and executive functioning. [9] [10] These effects can impair a chemotherapy patient's ability to understand and make decisions regarding treatment, perform in school or employment and can reduce quality of life. [10]
Cancer and nausea are associated in about fifty percent of people affected by cancer. [1] This may be as a result of the cancer itself, or as an effect of the treatment such as chemotherapy, radiation therapy, or other medication such as opiates used for pain relief. About 70–80% of people undergoing chemotherapy experience nausea or vomiting.
Chemotherapy is a major cause of emesis, and often can cause severe and frequent emetic responses. This is because chemotherapy agents circulating in the blood activate the CTZ in such a way as to cause emesis. [13] Patients receiving chemotherapy are often prescribed antiemetic medications.
The discovery of neurokinin 1 (NK 1) receptor antagonists was a turning point in the prevention of nausea and vomiting associated with cancer chemotherapy. [4] An example of a drug in this class is aprepitant. Chemotherapy-induced emesis appears to consist of acute and delayed phases.
Hair that is lost returns in the months after completion of chemotherapy. Nausea and vomiting can occur with ABVD, although treatments for chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting have improved substantially (see Supportive care below). Low blood counts, or myelosuppression, occur about 50% of the time with ABVD.
The other four groups of agents generally cause late symptoms that emerge weeks after the completion of chemotherapy. In both cases, the severity of the symptoms are generally proportional to the dose of the treatment drug received, and the severity of the symptoms may warrant a reduction in the chemotherapy dosage. [2]