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Obsidian (/ ə b ˈ s ɪ d i. ən, ɒ b-/ əb-SID-ee-ən ob-) [5] is a naturally occurring volcanic glass formed when lava extruded from a volcano cools rapidly with minimal crystal growth.
Mohs hardness of materials (data page) Vickers hardness test; Brinell scale This page was last edited on ...
Helenite, also known as Mount St. Helens obsidian, emerald obsidianite, and ruby obsidianite, is a glass made from the fused volcanic rock dust from Mount St. Helens and marketed as a gemstone. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] Helenite was first created accidentally after the eruption of Mount St. Helens in 1980 .
The material that is expelled in a volcanic eruption can be classified into three types: . Volcanic gases, a mixture made mostly of steam, carbon dioxide, and a sulfur compound (either sulfur dioxide, SO 2, or hydrogen sulfide, H 2 S, depending on the temperature)
Apache tears are rounded pebbles of obsidian or "obsidianites" composed of black or dark-colored natural volcanic glass, usually of rhyolitic composition and bearing conchoidal fracture. Also known by the lithologic term marekanite , this variety of obsidian occurs as subrounded to subangular bodies up to about 2 in (51 mm) in diameter, often ...
Obsidian is usually of rhyolitic composition, and it has been used for tools since prehistoric times. [34] Obsidian scalpels have been investigated for use in delicate surgery. [ 35 ] Pumice, also typically of rhyolitic composition, finds important uses as an abrasive , in concrete , [ 36 ] and as a soil amendment . [ 37 ]
Hardness may be difficult to determine, or may be misleading or meaningless, if a material is a mixture of two or more substances; for example, some sources have assigned a Mohs hardness of 6 or 7 to granite but it is a rock made of several minerals, each with its own Mohs hardness (e.g. topaz-rich granite contains: topaz — Mohs 8, quartz ...
Obsidian is a common volcanic glass with high silica (SiO 2) content formed when felsic lava extruded from a volcano cools rapidly. [16] Impactite is a form of glass formed by the impact of a meteorite , where Moldavite (found in central and eastern Europe), and Libyan desert glass (found in areas in the eastern Sahara , the deserts of eastern ...