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In physical geography, tundra (/ ˈ t ʌ n d r ə, ˈ t ʊ n-/) is a type of biome where tree growth is hindered by frigid temperatures and short growing seasons. There are three regions and associated types of tundra: Arctic, [2] Alpine, [2] and Antarctic. [3] Tundra vegetation is composed of dwarf shrubs, sedges, grasses, mosses, and lichens ...
These complex interactions between plants, animals and abiotic factors in the tundra are held together by the permafrost layer, located 450 metres (1,480 ft) under the soil. [3] However climate change is causing this crucial layer of frozen soil to melt. As a result, tundra communities are becoming unstable and basic processes are breaking down.
Animals of the area include large brown bears of Denali National Park and the southwestern coast near Iliamna Lake and Kamishak Bay. Other mammals include mountain goat, caribou, moose, Dall sheep, North American beaver and snowshoe hare. The rivers of the area are home to salmon.
A lemming is a small rodent, usually found in or near the Arctic in tundra biomes.Lemmings form the subfamily Arvicolinae (also known as Microtinae) together with voles and muskrats, which form part of the superfamily Muroidea, which also includes rats, mice, hamsters and gerbils.
Reindeer also travel, feed, and rest together in the wild, sometimes forming super-herds of up to 500,000 animals. Tundra reindeer migrate between forest and tundra in these massive groups in an ...
The coast is also home to many breeding waterbirds including snow goose, spectacled eider, Steller's eider, king eider, red-throated loon, [3] pacific loon, [4] and yellow-billed loon. Important bird areas include the Colville River delta, Teshekpuk Lake (which is within the National Petroleum Reserve–Alaska ), and Kasegaluk Lagoon a breeding ...
The impact of human activity on the tundra ecosystems where pikas live has been recorded dating back to the 1970s. [18] Rather than hibernate during winter, pikas forage for grasses and other forms of plant matter and stash these findings in protected dens in a process called "haying". They eat the dried plants during the winter. [19]
The Brooks–British Range tundra extends east and west along the Brooks Range which runs across northern Alaska and northeastern Yukon Territory. The Brooks Range is divided into western and eastern sections by the Anaktuvuk Pass .