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The unit used in the US is the foot sea water (fsw), based on standard gravity and a sea-water density of 64 lb/ft 3. According to the US Navy Diving Manual, one fsw equals 0.30643 msw, 0.030 643 bar, or 0.444 44 psi, [1] [2] though elsewhere it states that 33 fsw is 14.7 psi (one atmosphere), which gives one fsw equal to about 0.445 psi. [3]
3,200 psi Critical pressure of water 28 MPa 4,100 psi Overpressure caused by the bomb explosion during the Oklahoma City bombing [72] 40 MPa 5,800 psi Water pressure at the depth of the wreck of the Titanic: 69 MPa 10,000 psi Water pressure withstood by the DSV Shinkai 6500 in visiting ocean depths of > 6500 meters [73] 70 to 280 MPa 10,000 to ...
For example, a bicycle tire pumped up to 65 psig in a local atmospheric pressure at sea level (14.7 psi) will have a pressure of 79.7 psia (14.7 psi + 65 psi). [ 2 ] [ 3 ] When gauge pressure is referenced to something other than ambient atmospheric pressure, then the unit is pound per square inch differential ( psid ).
It is defined as the pressure exerted by a column of water of 1 inch in height at defined conditions. At a temperature of 4 °C (39.2 °F) pure water has its highest density (1000 kg/m 3). At that temperature and assuming the standard acceleration of gravity, 1 inAq is approximately 249.082 pascals (0.0361263 psi). [2]
Divers may be told to notify the dive leader at 80 or 100 bar and to return to the boat with not less than 50 bar or 700 psi or something similar remaining, but one of the reasons for having the 50 bar in reserve is to make the return to the boat safer, by allowing the diver to swim on the surface in choppy water while breathing off the regulator.
So the 1 atmosphere or bar contributed by the air is subtracted to give the pressure due to the depth of water. The pressure produced by depth in water, is converted to pressure in feet sea water (fsw) or metres sea water (msw) by multiplying with the appropriate conversion factor, 33 fsw per atm, or 10 msw per bar. In feet
Since water is much denser than air, much greater changes in ambient pressure can be experienced under water. Each 10 metres (33 ft) of depth adds another bar to the ambient pressure. Ambient-pressure diving is underwater diving exposed to the water pressure at depth, rather than in a pressure-excluding atmospheric diving suit or a submersible.
A centimetre of water [1] is a unit of pressure. It may be defined as the pressure exerted by a column of water of 1 cm in height at 4 °C (temperature of maximum density) at the standard acceleration of gravity, so that 1 cmH 2 O (4°C) = 999.9720 kg/m 3 × 9.80665 m/s 2 × 1 cm = 98.063754138 Pa ≈ 98.0638 Pa, but conventionally a nominal maximum water density of 1000 kg/m 3 is used, giving ...