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All plants, including crop, require air (specifically, oxygen) to respire, produce energy, and keep their cells alive. In agriculture, waterlogging typically blocks air from getting to the roots. [3] With the exception of rice (Oryza sativa), [4] [5] most crops like maize and potato, [6] [7] [8] are therefore highly intolerant to waterlogging.
Indirect effects are those that have consequences that take longer to develop and may also be longer-lasting. The indirect effects of irrigation include the following: Waterlogging; Soil salination; Ecological damage; Socioeconomic impacts; The indirect effects of waterlogging and soil salination occur directly on the
A rice paddy. Rice, wheat, corn and potatoes make up more than half the world's food supply. Feeding more than seven billion human bodies takes a heavy toll on the Earth's resources. This begins with the appropriation of about 38% of the Earth's land surface [23] and about 20% of its net primary productivity. [24]
The environmental impact of agriculture is the effect that different farming practices have on the ecosystems around them, and how those effects can be traced back to those practices. [1] The environmental impact of agriculture varies widely based on practices employed by farmers and by the scale of practice.
Above this limit, the soil will become prone to settlement, consolidation, and waterlogging. If soil remains waterlogged over an extended period of time, the soil will become anoxic, killing most plants and many soil organisms. [2] The selection of organic amendments can significantly influence the resulting soil properties and soil quality. [11]
Waterlogging or water logging may refer to: Waterlogging (agriculture), saturation of the soil by groundwater sufficient to prevent or hinder agriculture; Waterlogging (archeology), the exclusion of air from an archeological site by groundwater, preserving artifacts; Underwater logging, the process of harvesting trees that are submerged under water
Plant ecophysiology is concerned largely with two topics: mechanisms (how plants sense and respond to environmental change) and scaling or integration (how the responses to highly variable conditions—for example, gradients from full sunlight to 95% shade within tree canopies—are coordinated with one another), and how their collective effect on plant growth and gas exchange can be ...
Through photosynthesis, plants use CO 2 from the atmosphere, water from the ground, and energy from the sun to create sugars used for growth and fuel. [22] While using these sugars as fuel releases carbon back into the atmosphere (photorespiration), growth stores carbon in the physical structures of the plant (i.e. leaves, wood, or non-woody stems). [23]