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On gross pathology, nephrosclerosis manifests as a fine granular surface. [4]"Hypertensive" refers to high blood pressure and "nephropathy" means damage to the kidney; hence this condition is where chronic high blood pressure causes damages to kidney tissue; this includes the small blood vessels, glomeruli, kidney tubules and interstitial tissues.
Acute proliferative glomerulonephritis is a disorder of the small blood vessels of the kidney.It is a common complication of bacterial infections, typically skin infection by Streptococcus bacteria types 12, 4 and 1 but also after streptococcal pharyngitis, for which it is also known as postinfectious glomerulonephritis (PIGN) or poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis (PSGN). [4]
Glomerulonephritis is characterized by inflammation and thinning of the glomerular basement membrane and the occurrence of small pores in the podocytes of the glomerulus. These pores become large enough to permit both proteins and red blood cells to pass into the urine (yielding proteinuria and hematuria , respectively).
Glomerulonephritis (GN) is a term used to refer to several kidney diseases (usually affecting both kidneys). Many of the diseases are characterised by inflammation either of the glomeruli or of the small blood vessels in the kidneys, hence the name, [ 1 ] but not all diseases necessarily have an inflammatory component.
Glomerulonephrosis is a non-inflammatory disease of the kidney presenting primarily in the glomerulus (a glomerulopathy) as nephrotic syndrome.The nephron is the functional unit of the kidney and it contains the glomerulus, which acts as a filter for blood to retain proteins and blood lipids.
Diffuse proliferative glomerulonephritis (DPGN) is a type of glomerulonephritis that is the most serious form of renal lesions in SLE and is also the most common, occurring in 35% to 60% of patients. [1] In absence of SLE, DPGN pathology looks more like Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis [citation needed]
Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis (MPGN): is the inflammation of the glomeruli along with the deposit of antibodies in their membranes, which makes filtration difficult. Rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis (RPGN): (Usually presents as a nephrotic syndrome) A person's glomeruli are present in a crescent moon shape. It is characterized ...
No other traditional risk factors, including age, BMI, diabetes, or hypertension, were associated with incident AKI. Acute kidney injury is common among hospitalized patients. It affects some 3–7% of patients admitted to the hospital and approximately 25–30% of patients in the intensive care unit. [47]