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Arboform consists of the two most abundant natural materials: lignin (ca. 30%) and cellulose (ca. 60%). The remaining part is natural additives that function as plasticizers, dyes, antioxidants, fillers, etc. [4] It has a similar composition, appearance and properties to those of wood, but it can be melted upon heating and molded like a thermoplastic. [5]
Apart from structural wood preservation measures, there are a number of different chemical preservatives and processes (also known as timber treatment, lumber treatment or pressure treatment) that can extend the life of wood, timber, and their associated products, including engineered wood. These generally increase the durability and resistance ...
To make transportation easier, wood preparation usually was done before shipment. Large labor crews were involved, and vigas were transported from the mountains by teams of oxen. [10] Some construction historians have mentioned the use of latillas under the vigas for carrying poles. [11] Wood cutting was an important aspect of material production.
Glulam brace with plates used for connections Glulam frame of a roof structure. Glued laminated timber, commonly referred to as glulam, is a type of structural engineered wood product constituted by layers of dimensional lumber bonded together with durable, moisture-resistant structural adhesives so that all of the grain runs parallel to the longitudinal axis.
Engineered wood products are used in a variety of applications, from home construction to commercial buildings to industrial products. [3] The products can be used for joists and beams that replace steel in many building projects. [4] The term mass timber describes a group of building materials that can replace concrete assemblies. [5]
The heating (dry distilling) of wood causes tar and pitch to drip away from the wood and leave behind charcoal. Birchbark is used to make birch-tar, a particularly fine tar. The terms tar and pitch are often used interchangeably. However, pitch is considered more solid, while tar is more liquid.
The term binding joist is sometimes used to describe beams at floor level running perpendicular to the ridge of a gable roof and joined to the intermediate posts. Joists which land on a binding joist are called bridging joists. [3] [4] A large beam in the ceiling of a room carrying joists is a summer beam. A ceiling joist may be installed flush ...
A double floor is generally used for longer spans and joists, called bridging beams or joists, are supported by other beams called binding beams: the two layers of timbers providing the name double floor. In a double floor there may be two sets of joists, one for the floor above and one for the ceiling below.