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Aftel is also an author herself, publishing several books in the 1980s and 1990s including a biography of Brian Jones.She became interested in scent while working on a novel; [4] envisioning her protagonist would be a perfumer, Aftel began collecting rare books on perfume as part of her research, but ultimately wrote a book on the history of perfume instead.
Solid perfume is used either by rubbing a finger or dipping a cotton swab against it and then onto the skin. Sometimes solid perfume can take more time for the deeper notes to come out than a spray perfume. The latest solid perfumes are designed as handbag aromas, so a compact way of making perfume more portable.
Organic solvent extraction is the most common and most economically important technique for extracting aromatics in the modern perfume industry. Raw materials are submerged and agitated in a solvent that can dissolve the desired aromatic compounds. Commonly used solvents for maceration/solvent extraction include hexane, and dimethyl ether.
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First, plant material is extracted with a hydrocarbon solvent, such as hexane, to yield concrete.The concrete is then extracted with ethanol.The ethanol extract is cooled (e.g., to −15 °C) to solidify waxes, and cold filtered to yield a liquid extract.
Eau de parfum (EdP), parfum de toilette (PdT): 10–20% (typical ~15%) aromatic compounds. Sometimes listed as "eau de perfume" or "millésime". Perfume extract: 15–40% (IFRA: typical 20%) aromatic compounds; Perfume oils are often diluted with a solvent, though this is not always the case, and its necessity is disputed.
The word 'attar' is believed to have been derived from the Persian word itir, [3] which is in turn derived from the Arabic word 'itr (عطر), meaning 'perfume'. [4] [5]The earliest recorded mention of the techniques and methods used to produce essential oils is believed to be that of Ibn al-Baitar (1188–1248), an Al-Andalusian (Muslim Iberia) physician, pharmacist and chemist.
[10] 1978 Bluebell: Penhaligon's: Michael Pickthall 1978 Cinnabar: Estée Lauder: Bernard Chant 1978 Magie Noire: Lancôme: Gérard Goupy, Jean-Claude Niel, Yves Tanguy [26] 1978 White Linen: Estée Lauder: Sophia Grojsman [10] 1978 Tete-a-Tete: Novaya Zarya [27] 1979 Nahéma: Guerlain: Jean-Paul Guerlain [10] 1979 Eau d'Orange Verte: Hermès ...