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  2. Atlantic multidecadal oscillation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atlantic_multidecadal...

    Evidence for a multidecadal climate oscillation centered in the North Atlantic began to emerge in 1980s work by Folland and colleagues, seen in Fig. 2.d.A. [5] That oscillation was the sole focus of Schlesinger and Ramankutty in 1994, [6] but the actual term Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO) was coined by Michael Mann in a 2000 telephone interview with Richard Kerr, [7] as recounted by ...

  3. The Blob (Pacific Ocean) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Blob_(Pacific_Ocean)

    The Blob is an anomalous body having sea surface temperature much above normal, seen here in a graphic of April 2014 by the NOAA. The Blob is a large mass of relatively warm water in the Pacific Ocean off the coast of North America that was first detected in late 2013 and continued to spread throughout 2014 and 2015.

  4. U.S. Climate Reference Network - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/U.S._Climate_Reference_Network

    An example of the reports available is this chart that shows the average surface temperature anomaly for the continental US for the period January 2005 to October 2023. [11] In this context anomaly is defined as a deviation from a trend established from historical observations of temperature. For this chart, the trend is expressed as zero ...

  5. Pacific decadal oscillation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pacific_decadal_oscillation

    where F is the variance of the white noise forcing and w is the frequency, an implication of this equation is that at short time scales (w>>λ) the variance of the ocean temperature increase with the square of the period while at longer timescales(w<<λ, ~150 months) the damping process dominates and limits sea surface temperature anomalies so ...

  6. Pacific Meridional Mode - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pacific_Meridional_Mode

    The SST and wind anomalies of the PMM positive phase. Pacific Meridional Mode (PMM) is a climate mode in the North Pacific.In its positive state, it is characterized by the coupling of weaker trade winds in the northeast Pacific Ocean between Hawaii and Baja California with decreased evaporation over the ocean, thus increasing sea surface temperatures (SST); and the reverse during its negative ...

  7. UAH satellite temperature dataset - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UAH_satellite_temperature...

    Data are provided as temperature anomalies against the seasonal average over a past basis period, as well as in absolute temperature values. The baseline period for the published temperature anomalies was changed in January 2021 from 1981-2010 to 1991-2020. [4] All the data products can be downloaded from the UAH server. [5]

  8. NOAA National Operational Model Archive and Distribution System

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NOAA_National_Operational...

    To address a growing need for remote access to high volume numerical weather prediction and global climate models and data, the National Climatic Data Center (NCDC), along with the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) and the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory (GFDL), initiated the NOAA Operational Model Archive and Distribution System (NOMADS) project.

  9. Sea surface temperature - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sea_surface_temperature

    A wet-bulb temperature at 500 hPa in a tropical atmosphere of −13.2 °C (8.2 °F) is required to initiate convection if the water temperature is 26.5 °C (79.7 °F), and this temperature requirement increases or decreases proportionally by 1 °C in the sea surface temperature for each 1 °C change at 500 hpa.