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Torticollis is a fixed or dynamic tilt, rotation, with flexion or extension of the head and/or neck. The type of torticollis can be described depending on the positions of the head and neck. [1] [3] [4] laterocollis: the head is tipped toward the shoulder; rotational torticollis: the head rotates along the longitudinal axis towards the shoulder [5]
To further classify spasmodic torticollis, one can note the position of the head. Torticollis is the horizontal turning (rotational collis) of the head, and uses the ipsilateral splenius, and contralateral sternocleidomastoid muscles. This is the "chin-to-shoulder" version. Laterocollis is the tilting of the head from side to side.
The defining characteristic of BPT is a tilting of an infant's head in recurrent episodes, for varying periods of time. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] Furthermore, the child's trunk may bend in the same direction as the head, giving the baby an overall curved shape; this complaint is known as tortipelvis.
The characteristic head tilt is usually away from the affected side to reduce eye strain and prevent double vision . Old photographs may reveal the presence of a consistent head tilt (ocular torticollis) from an early age. Most people with congenital CN IV palsy have facial asymmetry due to the chronic head tilt.
The classical symptoms of the syndrome are spasmodic torticollis and dystonia. [3] [4] [5] Nodding and rotation of the head, neck extension, gurgling, writhing movements of the limbs, and severe hypotonia have also been noted. [3] Spasms may last for 1–3 minutes and may occur up to 10 times a day.
Opisthotonus or opisthotonos (from Ancient Greek: ὄπισθεν, romanized: opisthen, lit. 'behind' and τόνος, tonos, 'tension') is a state of severe hyperextension and spasticity in which an individual's head, neck and spinal column enter into a complete "bridging" or "arching" position.
The toeprinting assay, also known as the primer extension inhibition assay, [1] is a method used in molecular biology that allows one to examine the interactions between messenger RNA and ribosomes or RNA-binding proteins. [2]
Camptodactyly is a medical condition that causes one or more digits (fingers or toes) to be permanently bent.It involves fixed flexion deformity of the proximal interphalangeal joints.