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A zygospore is a diploid reproductive stage in the life cycle of many fungi and protists.Zygospores are created by the nuclear fusion of haploid cells. In fungi, zygospores are formed in zygosporangia after the fusion of specialized budding structures, from mycelia of the same (in homothallic fungi) or different mating types (in heterothallic fungi), and may be chlamydospores. [1]
Rhizopus is a genus of common saprophytic fungi on plants and specialized parasites on animals. They are found in a wide variety of organic substances, including "mature fruits and vegetables", [ 2 ] jellies, syrups, leather, bread, peanuts, and tobacco.
An immature zygosporangium of the Rhizopus fungus forming from two fused gametangia, showing a "yoke" shape.. The name Zygomycota refers to the zygosporangia characteristically formed by the members of this clade, in which resistant spherical spores are formed during sexual reproduction.
Spores can be classified in several ways such as by their spore producing structure, function, origin during life cycle, and mobility. Below is a table listing the mode of classification, name, identifying characteristic, examples, and images of different spore species.
Terms in common with other fields, if repeated here, generally focus on their mycology-specific meaning. Related terms can be found in glossary of biology and glossary of botany , among others. List of Latin and Greek words commonly used in systematic names and Botanical Latin may also be relevant, although some prefixes and suffixes very ...
Rhizopus stolonifer is commonly known as black bread mold. [1] It is a member of Zygomycota and considered the most important species in the genus Rhizopus . [ 2 ] It is one of the most common fungi in the world and has a global distribution although it is most commonly found in tropical and subtropical regions. [ 3 ]
The earliest reference to the use of conoscopy (i.e., observation in convergent light with a polarization microscope with a Bertrand lens) for evaluation of the optical properties of liquid crystalline phases (i.e., orientation of the optical axes) is in 1911 when it was used by Charles-Victor Mauguin to investigate the alignment of nematic and ...
Thirdly, plant morphology studies plant structure at a range of scales. At the smallest scales are ultrastructure, the general structural features of cells visible only with the aid of an electron microscope, and cytology, the study of cells using optical microscopy. At this scale, plant morphology overlaps with plant anatomy as a