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Subjective well-being (SWB) is a self-reported measure of well-being, typically obtained by questionnaire. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] Ed Diener developed a tripartite model of SWB in 1984, which describes how people experience the quality of their lives and includes both emotional reactions and cognitive judgments. [ 3 ]
Edward Francis Diener (July 25, 1946 – April 27, 2021) was an American psychologist and author. Diener was a professor of psychology at the University of Utah and the University of Virginia, and Joseph R. Smiley Distinguished Professor Emeritus at the University of Illinois, as well as a senior scientist for the Gallup Organization.
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Biswas-Diener's research has led him to areas such as India, Greenland, Israel, Kenya, and Spain, [1] and he has been called the "Indiana Jones of positive psychology". [2] He obtained his PhD in 2009 on "Material wealth and subjective well-being" from the University of Tromsø . [ 3 ]
Three to six months after the intervention, the effects for subjective well-being and psychological well-being were still significant, so effects seem fairly sustainable. However, in high-quality studies, the positive effect was weaker, though positive, so authors considered further high-quality studies necessary to strengthen the evidence.
Psychological well-being can also be affected negatively, as is the case with a degrading and unrewarding work environment, unfulfilling obligations and unsatisfying relationships. Social interaction has a strong effect on well-being as negative social outcomes are more strongly related to well-being than are positive social outcomes. [9]
Subjective vitality refers to a positive feeling of aliveness and energy. It is often used instead of measures of subjective well-being in studies of eudaimonia and psychological well-being . It is also a better predictor of physical health when assessed by a doctor than subjective well-being.
James Diener is an American entertainment and music executive.. He is the co-founder of Freesolo Entertainment; [1] an entertainment company comprising Freesolo Music, a record label joint venture with Interscope Records/Universal Music Group; Freesolo Publishing, a joint venture with Sony/ATV Music Publishing; and Freesolo Management, a joint venture with Vector Management.