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The grain is the traditional measurement of the weight of bullets, black powder and smokeless powder in English-speaking countries. It is the unit measured by the scales used in handloading; commonly, bullets are measured in increments of one grain, gunpowder in increments of 0.1 grains. [12] There are 7,000 grains in one pound.
Soft dough: grain content soft but dry. Fingernail impression not held 87: Hard dough: grain content solid. Fingernail impression held 89: Fully ripe: grain hard, difficult to divide with thumbnail 9: Senescence 92: Over-ripe: grain very hard, cannot be dented by thumbnail 93: Grains loosening in day-time 97: Plant dead and collapsing 99 ...
Trema orientale (sometimes Trema orientalis) is a species of flowering tree in the hemp family, Cannabaceae. [2] [4] [5] [6] It is known by many common names, including charcoal-tree, [6] Indian charcoal-tree, [6] pigeon wood, [7] Oriental trema, [8] and in Hawaii, where it has become naturalized, gunpowder tree, [9] or nalita. [10]
In the mid-19th century, measurements were made determining that the burning rate within a grain of black powder (or a tightly packed mass) is about 6 cm/s (0.20 feet/s), while the rate of ignition propagation from grain to grain is around 9 m/s (30 feet/s), over two orders of magnitude faster. [122]
It turns out that instead of measuring scattered energy versus angle, as with light, in the case of ultrasound, measuring the transmitted energy versus frequency is a better choice. The resulting ultrasound attenuation frequency spectra are the raw data for calculating particle size distribution.
The powder consists of the dry spores of clubmoss plants, or various fern relatives principally in the genera Lycopodium and Diphasiastrum.The preferred source species are Lycopodium clavatum (stag's horn clubmoss) and Diphasiastrum digitatum (common groundcedar), because these widespread and often locally abundant species are both prolific in their spore production and easy to collect.
Demand for gunpowder declined when the civil war ended, but picked up briefly during the Franco-Prussian War [12] and Russo-Turkish War. [8] Oriental Powder Company was ranked 4th (after DuPont, Laflin & Rand, and Hazard) among the six companies of the United States Gunpowder Trade Association popularly known as the powder trust. [13]
These powder measures typically use gravity feed from a hopper of powder above an adjustable cavity in a rotating cylinder. [3] A lever rotates the cylinder so the cavity moves between an upward position where powder can drain from the hopper into the cavity, and a lower position where the powder can drain from the cavity into an empty ...