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Urea-formaldehyde (UF), also known as urea-methanal, so named for its common synthesis pathway and overall structure, [1] is a nontransparent thermosetting resin or polymer. It is produced from urea and formaldehyde. These resins are used in adhesives, plywood, particle board, medium-density fibreboard (MDF), and molded objects.
The structure of the molecule of urea is O=C(−NH 2) 2.The urea molecule is planar when in a solid crystal because of sp 2 hybridization of the N orbitals. [8] [9] It is non-planar with C 2 symmetry when in the gas phase [10] or in aqueous solution, [9] with C–N–H and H–N–H bond angles that are intermediate between the trigonal planar angle of 120° and the tetrahedral angle of 109.5°.
Formaldehyde is a common precursor to more complex compounds and materials. In approximate order of decreasing consumption, products generated from formaldehyde include urea formaldehyde resin, melamine resin, phenol formaldehyde resin, polyoxymethylene plastics, 1,4-butanediol, and methylene diphenyl diisocyanate. [40]
MDF is typically made up of 82% wood fibre, 9% urea-formaldehyde resin glue, 8% water, and 1% paraffin wax. [4] The density is typically between 500 and 1,000 kg/m 3 (31 and 62 lb/cu ft). [ 5 ] The range of density and classification as light-, standard-, or high-density board is a misnomer and confusing.
Aldehyde structure. In organic chemistry, an aldehyde (/ ˈ æ l d ɪ h aɪ d /) is an organic compound containing a functional group with the structure R−CH=O. [1] The functional group itself (without the "R" side chain) can be referred to as an aldehyde but can also be classified as a formyl group.
Adding urea to MF resins has been shown to lower the amount of free formaldehyde below the legal limit and is often used for this purpose. [1] Another complication with MF resins is the low solubility of melamine in water. [16] Because of this and the free formaldehyde content, MF resins are not used as commonly in the field of wood modification.
During the manufacturing of bamboo floors, some manufacturers use urea-formaldehyde as the adhesive for bonding the bamboo strips. According to the stringent California Air Resources Board (CARB) standards there can be no more than 0.05 ppm (parts per million) of outgassed formaldehyde. [ 11 ]
Biotin, a water-soluble B vitamin, is a bicyclic urea.. In chemistry, ureas are a class of organic compounds with the formula (R 2 N) 2 CO where R = H, alkyl, aryl, etc. Thus, in addition to describing the specific chemical compound urea ((H 2 N) 2 CO), urea is the name of a functional group that is found in many compounds and materials of both practical and theoretical interest.