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  2. Reference counting - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reference_counting

    The property of not needing to access a reference count when a reference is copied is particularly helpful when the object's reference count is expensive to access, for example because it is in another process, on disk, or even across a network. It can also help increase concurrency by avoiding many threads locking a reference count to increase it.

  3. Python syntax and semantics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Python_syntax_and_semantics

    Introduced in Python 2.2 as an optional feature and finalized in version 2.3, generators are Python's mechanism for lazy evaluation of a function that would otherwise return a space-prohibitive or computationally intensive list. This is an example to lazily generate the prime numbers:

  4. Marginal distribution - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marginal_distribution

    For example, suppose P(L = red) = 0.2, P(L = yellow) = 0.1, and P(L = green) = 0.7. Multiplying each column in the conditional distribution by the probability of that column occurring results in the joint probability distribution of H and L, given in the central 2×3 block of entries. (Note that the cells in this 2×3 block add up to 1).

  5. Comparison sort - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comparison_sort

    Sorting a set of unlabelled weights by weight using only a balance scale requires a comparison sort algorithm. A comparison sort is a type of sorting algorithm that only reads the list elements through a single abstract comparison operation (often a "less than or equal to" operator or a three-way comparison) that determines which of two elements should occur first in the final sorted list.

  6. Function (computer programming) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Function_(computer...

    For example, a programmer may write a function in source code that is compiled to machine code that implements similar semantics. There is a callable unit in the source code and an associated one in the machine code, but they are different kinds of callable units – with different implications and features.

  7. Cell counting - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cell_counting

    For example, the complete blood count can help a physician to determine why a patient feels unwell and what to do to help. Cell counts within liquid media (such as blood, plasma, lymph, or laboratory rinsate) are usually expressed as a number of cells per unit of volume, thus expressing a concentration (for example, 5,000 cells per milliliter).

  8. Row- and column-major order - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Row-_and_column-major_order

    More generally, there are d! possible orders for a given array, one for each permutation of dimensions (with row-major and column-order just 2 special cases), although the lists of stride values are not necessarily permutations of each other, e.g., in the 2-by-3 example above, the strides are (3,1) for row-major and (1,2) for column-major.

  9. Inequality (mathematics) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inequality_(mathematics)

    For instance, to solve the inequality 4x < 2x + 1 ≤ 3x + 2, it is not possible to isolate x in any one part of the inequality through addition or subtraction. Instead, the inequalities must be solved independently, yielding x < ⁠ 1 / 2 ⁠ and x ≥ −1 respectively, which can be combined into the final solution −1 ≤ x < ⁠ 1 / 2 ⁠ .