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  2. Supervisor Mode Access Prevention - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supervisor_mode_access...

    Without Supervisor Mode Access Prevention, supervisor code usually has full read and write access to user-space memory mappings (or has the ability to obtain full access). This has led to the development of several security exploits, including privilege escalation exploits, which operate by causing the kernel to access user-space memory when it ...

  3. Executable-space protection - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Executable-space_protection

    The Exec Shield patch was released to the Linux kernel mailing list on May 2, 2003, but was rejected for merging with the base kernel because it involved some intrusive changes to core code in order to handle the complex parts of the emulation. Exec Shield's legacy CPU support approximates NX emulation by tracking the upper code segment limit.

  4. Trusted execution environment - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trusted_execution_environment

    [1] [2] [3] A TEE as an isolated execution environment provides security features such as isolated execution, integrity of applications executing with the TEE, and confidentiality of their assets. In general terms, the TEE offers an execution space that provides a higher level of security for trusted applications running on the device than a ...

  5. Webduino - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Webduino

    The BPI Bit (also referred to as BPI:bit, stylised as webduino:bit) is an ESP32 with Xtensa 32bit LX6 single/dual-core processor based embedded system. The board is 5 cm × 5 cm and has an ESP32 module with Xtensa 32bit LX6 single/dual-core processor, with a capacity of up to 600DMIPS, with a built-in 448KB ROM and 520 KB SRAM accelerometer and magnetometer sensors, 2.4G WiFi, Bluetooth and ...

  6. Arduino - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arduino

    Arduino (/ ɑː r ˈ d w iː n oʊ /) is an Italian open-source hardware and software company, project, and user community that designs and manufactures single-board microcontrollers and microcontroller kits for building digital devices.

  7. Trusted Execution Technology - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trusted_Execution_Technology

    The measurements of the ACM and BIOS code modules are extended to PCR0, which is said to hold the static core root of trust measurement (CRTM) as well as the measurement of the BIOS Trusted Computing Base (TCB). The BIOS measures additional components into PCRs as follows: PCR0 – CRTM, BIOS code, and Host Platform Extensions [a]

  8. Transient execution CPU vulnerability - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transient_execution_CPU...

    In June 2021, two new vulnerabilities, Speculative Code Store Bypass (SCSB, CVE-2021-0086) and Floating Point Value Injection (FPVI, CVE-2021-0089), affecting all modern x86-64 CPUs both from Intel and AMD were discovered. [33] In order to mitigate them software has to be rewritten and recompiled.

  9. Arbitrary code execution - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arbitrary_code_execution

    On its own, an arbitrary code execution exploit will give the attacker the same privileges as the target process that is vulnerable. [11] For example, if exploiting a flaw in a web browser, an attacker could act as the user, performing actions such as modifying personal computer files or accessing banking information, but would not be able to perform system-level actions (unless the user in ...