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Uyghur displays vocalic assimilation, atypical among Turkic languages. Syllable-final /r/ , /l/ , and /j/ are optionally assimilated to the preceding vowel which is lengthened, in the case of e and u, made lower and less tense; e.g., xelqler [xæːqlæː] ‘the nations’.
The name "Uyghur" reappeared after the Soviet Union took the 9th-century ethnonym from the Uyghur Khaganate, then reapplied it to all non-nomadic Turkic Muslims of Xinjiang. [159] Many contemporary western scholars, however, do not consider the modern Uyghurs to be of direct linear descent from the old Uyghur Khaganate of Mongolia.
Most are not pronounced much differently than their English counterparts (e.g. Uyghur j in baj "tax" is pronounced like j in judge; Uyghur ch in üch "three" is pronounced like ch in itch; Uyghur h in he’e "yes" is pronounced like h in hello), except that l has palatal or velar variants. A few sounds are not found in English: q gh and x.
Uyghur or Uighur (/ ˈ w iː ɡ ʊər,-ɡ ər /; [3] ئۇيغۇر تىلى, Уйғур тили, Uyghur tili, Uyƣur tili, [ʊjˈʁʊɾ.tɪ.lɪ] or ئۇيغۇرچە, Уйғурчә, Uyghurche, Uyƣurqə, [ʊj.ʁʊɾˈtʃɛ], CTA: Uyğurçä; formerly known as Turki or Eastern Turki) is a Turkic language written in a Uyghur Perso-Arabic script with 8–13 million speakers, [1] spoken primarily ...
Modern Uyghur and Western Yugur belong to entirely different branches of the Turkic language family, respectively the Karluk languages spoken in the Kara-Khanid Khanate [12] (such as the Xākānī language described in Mahmud al-Kashgari's Dīwān al-Luġat al-Turk [13]) and the Siberian Turkic languages, which include Old Uyghur. [14]
The Turkic-speaking Yugurs are considered to be the descendants of a group of Old Uyghurs who fled from Mongolia southwards to Gansu after the collapse of the Uyghur Khaganate in 840, where they established the prosperous Ganzhou Uyghur Kingdom (870-1036) with capital near present Zhangye at the base of the Qilian Mountains in the valley of the Ruo Shui.
As with other ethnic groups in the United States, Uyghur Americans also have several organizations. The most well-known organizations are: the Uyghur American Association, [5] a Washington D.C.–based advocacy organization which was established in 1998 by a group of Uyghur overseas activists to raise the public awareness of the Uyghur people
Alternative Uyghur scripts then began emerging and collectively largely displaced Chagatai. Between 1937 and 1954, the Perso-Arabic alphabet used to write Uyghur was modified by removing redundant letters and adding markings for vowels. [7] [8] The Uyghur Cyrillic alphabet was introduced around 1937, and the Latin-based Uyghur New Script in ...