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The imperial examination was a civil service examination system in Imperial China administered for the purpose of selecting candidates for the state bureaucracy.The concept of choosing bureaucrats by merit rather than by birth started early in Chinese history, but using written examinations as a tool of selection started in earnest during the Sui dynasty [1] (581–618), then into the Tang ...
Xiaolian (Chinese: 孝廉; literally "filial and incorrupt"), was the standard of nominating civil officers started by Emperor Wu of Han in 134 BC. It lasted until its replacement by the imperial examination system during the Sui dynasty. In Confucian philosophy, filial piety is a virtue of respect for one's parents and ancestors. [1]
They are intended as a method to achieve an effective, rational public administration on a merit system for recruiting prospective politicians and public sector employees. The most ancient example of such exams were the imperial examinations of ancient China. [1] [2] [3]
Throughout the use of the civil examination system, there were minor changes to the provincial examination format and curriculum. In 1663, the imperial examination banned writing in the eight-legged essay form; [10] however, the form was reintroduced in 1668. [10]
The Qianlong Emperor said that he could not comprehend the eight-legged essays written by many exam-takers. [4] The eight-legged essay was abolished in 1905 by the Guangxu Emperor. [4] [7] In total, the eight-legged essay was included in China's civil service examination for the past several hundred years and thus assumed a historically ...
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The strong relationship between Imperial Examination and the official position were still present, though the entire society formed a climate of "studying well so as to become an official" 学而优则仕. [17] In 1905, the Qing government abolished the imperial examination system, leading to the gradual disappearance of scholar-officials.
The Confucian court examination system in Vietnam (Chữ Hán: 科榜越南, Vietnamese: Khoa bảng Việt Nam) was a system for entry into the civil service, which was modelled after the Imperial examination in China, based on knowledge of the classics and literary style from 1075 to 1919.