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The celatone was a device invented by Galileo Galilei to observe Jupiter's moons with the purpose of finding longitude on Earth. It took the form of a piece of headgear with a telescope taking the place of an eyehole.
Galileo di Vincenzo Bonaiuti de' Galilei (15 February 1564 – 8 January 1642), commonly referred to as Galileo Galilei (/ ˌ ɡ æ l ɪ ˈ l eɪ oʊ ˌ ɡ æ l ɪ ˈ l eɪ /, US also / ˌ ɡ æ l ɪ ˈ l iː oʊ-/; Italian: [ɡaliˈlɛːo ɡaliˈlɛːi]) or mononymously as Galileo, was an Italian [a] astronomer, physicist and engineer, sometimes described as a polymath.
As a result of improvements that Galileo Galilei made to the telescope, with a magnifying capability of 20×, [5] he was able to see celestial bodies more distinctly than was previously possible. This allowed Galileo to observe in either December 1609 or January 1610 what came to be known as the Galilean moons. [6] [7]
Galileo Galilei was an Italian scientist who is sometimes referred to as the "father of modern observational astronomy". [16] His improvements to the telescope, astronomical observations, and support for Copernicanism were all integral to the Copernican Revolution.
A claim will be made 37 years later by another Dutch spectacle-maker that his father, Zacharias Janssen, invented the telescope. [17] A replica of Galileo's telescope. 1609 — Galileo Galilei makes his own improved version of Lippershey's telescope, calling it a "perspicillum".
In public, Galileo insisted that Guiducci, and not he, was the author of the Discourse on Comets. [13] Despite Galileo's public protestations, there is no doubt whatever that he was the main author of the Discourse on Comets. The manuscript is largely in Galileo's handwriting, and the sections in Guiducci's hand have been revised and corrected ...
The Keplerian telescope, invented by Johannes Kepler in 1611, is an improvement on Galileo's design. [12] It uses a convex lens as the eyepiece instead of Galileo's concave one. The advantage of this arrangement is that the rays of light emerging from the eyepiece [dubious – discuss] are converging.
By using two types of glass for the two lenses this gets compensated to some degree, resulting in a sharper and clearer image. Depending on the configuration, 4, 6 or 8 lenses are used. The 4-lens configuration results in a telescope in some ways similar to Galileo's, with 17× magnification and a very small field of view.