Search results
Results from the WOW.Com Content Network
Dry distillation is the heating of solid materials to produce gaseous products (which may condense into liquids or solids). The method may involve pyrolysis or thermolysis, or it may not (for instance, a simple mixture of ice and glass could be separated without breaking any chemical bonds, but organic matter contains a greater diversity of molecules, some of which are likely to break).
New waste-to-energy methods to recover and utilize the energy in the black liquor have been developed. [citation needed] The use of black liquor gasification has the potential to achieve higher overall energy efficiency than the conventional recovery boiler, while generating an energy-rich syngas from the liquor.
The McCabe–Thiele method is a technique that is commonly employed in the field of chemical engineering to model the separation of two substances by a distillation column. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] [ 3 ] It uses the fact that the composition at each theoretical tray is completely determined by the mole fraction of one of the two components.
About one gram of both TLW and TSW were used in the pyrolysis tests. During these analysis tests, CO 2 and N 2 were used as atmospheres inside of a tubular reactor that was built using quartz tubing. For both CO 2 and N 2 atmospheres the flow rate was 100 mL min −1. [83] External heating was created via a tubular furnace.
Pine tar is a form of wood tar produced by the high temperature carbonization of pine wood in anoxic conditions (dry distillation or destructive distillation).The wood is rapidly decomposed by applying heat and pressure in a closed container; the primary resulting products are charcoal and pine tar.
[1] [2] Fractions are collected based on differences in a specific property of the individual components. A common trait in fractionations is the need to find an optimum between the amount of fractions collected and the desired purity in each fraction. Fractionation makes it possible to isolate more than two components in a mixture in a single run.
An early method for producing phosphorus starts by roasting bones, and uses clay retorts encased in a very hot brick furnace to distill out the highly toxic product. [ 2 ] The term retort comes by way of Middle French , but ultimately from Latin retortus , twisted back, for the shape of the neck.
The heating (dry distilling) of pine wood causes tar and pitch to drip away from the wood [citation needed] and leave behind charcoal. Birch bark is used to make particularly fine tar, known as "Russian oil", used in Russian leather protection. The by-products of wood tar are turpentine and charcoal.