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Peptic ulcer disease is when the inner part of the stomach's gastric mucosa (lining of the stomach), the first part of the small intestine, or sometimes the lower esophagus, gets damaged. An ulcer in the stomach is called a gastric ulcer , while one in the first part of the intestines is a duodenal ulcer . [ 1 ]
Mucosal disruption in acid peptic disease patients can be caused by infection, barrier disruption, or gastric acid hypersecretion.Acid peptic diseases can arise due to various risk factors such as Helicobacter pylori infection, alcoholism, tobacco use, cocaine and amphetamine use, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug use (NSAIDs), fasting, Zollinger-Ellison syndrome, angiogenesis inhibitor ...
In many cases, gastrinoma is diagnosed based on the patient's history which is typically characterized by recurrent episodes of peptic ulcer disease or by severe reflux esophagitis and/or diarrhea or by acid-related symptoms which fail to respond to standard treatment regimens. [16]
Ulcers can result in complete loss of the epidermis and often portions of the dermis and even subcutaneous fat. Ulcers are most common on the skin of the lower extremities and in the gastrointestinal tract. An ulcer that appears on the skin is often visible as an inflamed tissue with an area of reddened skin.
The size of the ulcers is usually 0.5–4 cm. [5] The lesion is most often located on the anterior (front) or lateral (side) rectal wall, centered on a rectal fold, [1] usually 10 cm from the anal verge. [8] Less commonly there may be ulcers in the anal canal or even in the sigmoid colon. [5]
Turck feeds dogs Bacillus coli and produces ulcers. [7] 1907 Berkley Moynihan suggests that acid is a cause of ulcers. [1] 1910 Schwartz publishes the excess acid theory of the ulcer, coining the famous phrase "no acid, no ulcer." [2] Gibelli claims to be unable to reproduce Turck's study where he artificially created ulcers by feeding dogs ...
The ulcer is known initially as a peptic ulcer before the ulcer burns through the full thickness of the stomach or duodenal wall. A diagnosis is made by taking an erect abdominal/chest X-ray (seeking air under the diaphragm). This is in fact one of the very few occasions in modern times where surgery is undertaken to treat an ulcer. [3]
Based on evidence from people with other health problems crystalloid and colloids are believed to be equivalent for peptic ulcer bleeding. [15] In people with a confirmed peptic ulcer, proton pump inhibitors do not reduce death rates, later bleeding events, or need for surgery. [18] They may decrease signs of bleeding at endoscopy however. [18]