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An improvement to the refining process in the 1960s called hydro-treating made this base oil more stable, less reactive, and longer lasting than the earlier base oils. API defines group I as "base stocks contain less than 90 percent saturates and/or greater than 0.03 percent sulfur and have a viscosity index greater than or equal to 80 and less ...
Mineral oils used for lubrication are known specifically as base oils. More generally, mineral oil is a transparent, colorless oil, composed mainly of alkanes [2] and cycloalkanes, related to petroleum jelly. It has a density of around 0.8–0.87 g/cm 3 (0.029–0.031 lb/cu in). [3]
The term "mineral oil" is used to refer to lubricating base oils derived from crude oil. The American Petroleum Institute (API) designates several types of lubricant base oil: [6] Group I – Saturates < 90% and/or sulfur > 0.03%, and Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE) viscosity index (VI) of 80 to 120
The pour point (ASTM D97 [12]) measures the temperature at which a base oil no longer flows. For paraffinic base oils, pour points are usually between −12 °C and −15 °C, and are determined by operation of the dewaxing unit. The pour points of naphthenic base oils, generally devoid of wax content, may be much lower (down to <−70 °C). [10]
The three most quoted oil products are North America's West Texas Intermediate crude (WTI), North Sea Brent Crude, and the UAE Dubai Crude, and their pricing is used as a barometer for the entire petroleum industry, although, in total, there are 46 key oil exporting countries. Brent Crude is typically priced at about $2 over the WTI Spot price ...
For 2020, demand for this class of base oil (that includes other types of Group V base oils) was estimated at 823,000 tonnes per year. [4] Commercial examples of alkylated naphthalene oils include ExxonMobil's Synesstic series [6] and King Industries' NA-LUBE KR series. [7]
Bio-based oils existed prior to the development of petroleum-based oils in the 19th century. They have become the subject of renewed interest with the advent of bio-fuels and the push for green products. The development of canola-based motor oils began in 1996 in order to pursue environmentally friendly products.
Early British explorers to Myanmar documented a flourishing oil extraction industry based in Yenangyaung that, in 1795, had hundreds of hand-dug wells under production. [22] Merkwiller-Pechelbronn is said to be the first European site where petroleum has been explored and used. The still active Erdpechquelle, a spring where petroleum appears ...