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During the Russian Civil War, Don and Kuban Cossacks were the first people to declare open war against the Bolsheviks. In 1918, Russian Cossacks declared their complete independence, creating two independent states, the Don Republic and the Kuban People's Republic, and the revived Hetmanate emerged in Ukraine.
The Cossack uprisings (also kozak rebellions, revolts) were a series of military conflicts between the Cossacks and the states claiming dominion over the territories they lived in, namely the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth [1] and Russian Empire [2] during the 16th, 17th, and 18th centuries. The conflict resulted from both states' attempts to ...
The fighting qualities of the sea-going Cossacks were even admired in the Ottoman chronicles: "One can safely say that in the entire world one cannot find a people more careless for their lives or having less fear of death; persons versed in navigation assert that because of their skill and boldness in naval battles these bands are more ...
The Khmelnytsky Uprising, [a] also known as the Cossack–Polish War, [3] or the Khmelnytsky insurrection, [4] was a Cossack rebellion that took place between 1648 and 1657 in the eastern territories of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, which led to the creation of a Cossack Hetmanate in Ukraine.
The capture of Azov by Cossacks severally undermined the ability of Crimean-Nogai Tatars to continue their raids. Merchants were coming to Azov and opened shops there. Garrison of the city consisted of 4,000 Don Cossacks and 700 Zaporozhian Cossacks during that time. [9] Tatars sporadically clashed with Cossacks over control of Azov.
Most Cossacks were sent to the gulags in far northern Russia and Siberia, and many died; some, however, escaped, and others lived until the amnesty of 1953 (see below). In total, some two million people were repatriated to the Soviets at the end of the Second World War. [19]
The Poles were defeated and ceased hostilities for a time. On the occasion of the 360th anniversary of the battle in 2013, celebrations were held in Ukraine, including a show by historical reenactors. [11] A video of the re-enactment was posted on YouTube on March 22, 2013. It shows hussars being defeated by Cossacks fighting on horseback.
In addition, the Cossacks feared in case of resistance to bloody revenge on Cossack families, the Sich still had old Cossacks who remembered the events of 1709, when Peter I conducted a brutal punitive expedition against Ukraine, including the infamous Baturyn massacre that became the culmination of those horrible events. Zaporozhian Cossacks ...