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In the C and C++ programming languages, unistd.h is the name of the header file that provides access to the POSIX operating system API. [1] It is defined by the POSIX.1 standard, the base of the Single Unix Specification , and should therefore be available in any POSIX-compliant operating system and compiler .
In the calling process the lowest numbered unused file descriptor will be used for the new file descriptor number. When using the dup2() system call it performs the same task as dup() with the exception of using the file descriptor number specified in the newfd variable of the call, in that newfd is adjusted to refer to the oldfd file description.
Another solution is to use an include guard in each header file. [4] The C standard library is declared as a collection of header files. The C++ standard library is similar, but the declarations may be provided by the compiler without reading an actual file. C standard header files are named with a .h file name extension, as in #include <stdio ...
Main Berkeley sockets header: Issue 6 <sys/stat.h> File information (stat et al.) Issue 1 <sys/statvfs.h> File System information: Issue 4 <sys/time.h> Time and date functions and structures: Issue 4 <sys/times.h> File access and modification times: Issue 1 <sys/types.h> Various data types used elsewhere: Issue 1 <sys/uio.h> Vectored I/O ...
direct.h is a C/C++ header file provided by Microsoft Windows, which contains functions for manipulating file system directories. Some POSIX functions that do similar things are in unistd.h . Member functions
In the event that header file is included a second time, the #include guard will prevent the actual code within that header from being compiled. An alternative to #include guards is #pragma once . This non-standard but commonly supported directive among C and C++ compilers has the same purpose as an #include guard, but has less code and does ...
The included document can itself be another SSI-enabled file. The file or virtual parameters specify the file (HTML page, text file, script, etc.) to be included. NCSA HTTPd did not support CGI via include, [2] but later Apache HTTPd does. [7] If the process does not have access to read the file or execute the script, the include will fail.
A file descriptor open when an exec call is made remains open in the new process image, unless was fcntl ed with FD_CLOEXEC or opened with O_CLOEXEC (the latter was introduced in POSIX.1-2001). This aspect is used to specify the standard streams (stdin, stdout and stderr) of the new program.