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The word apostle has two meanings: the broader meaning of a messenger and the narrower meaning of an early Christian apostle directly linked to Jesus. The more general meaning of the word is translated into Latin as missiō, and from this word we get missionary. [7] The term only occurs once in the Septuagint. [8]
Early Christianity relied on the Sacred Oral Tradition of what Jesus had said and done, as reported by his Apostles and Disciples. Apostles who had witnessed Jesus's teachings travelled around the Mediterranean basin, where they established churches and began oral traditions in various places, such as Jerusalem, Antioch, Caesarea, and Ephesus ...
According to Acts 11:26, the term Christian (Greek: Χριστιανός), meaning "follower of Christ", was first used in reference to Jesus's disciples in the city of Antioch. [11] The earliest recorded use of the term "Christianity" (Greek: Χριστιανισμός) was by Ignatius of Antioch, in around 100 AD. [12]
[7] [8] While a disciple is one who learns and apprentices under a teacher or rabbi, an apostle is one sent as a missionary to proclaim the good news and to establish new communities of believers. The meaning of the word "disciple" is not derived primarily from its root meaning or etymology but from its widespread usage in the ancient world ...
Lüdemann acknowledges the historicity of Christ's post-resurrection appearances, [37] the names of the early disciples, [38] women disciples, [39] and Judas Iscariot. [40] Wedderburn says the disciples indisputably believed Christ was truly raised. [41] Conzelmann dismisses an alleged contradiction between Acts 13:31 and Acts 1:3. [42]
Matthew in a painted miniature from a volume of Armenian Gospels dated 1609, held by the Bodleian Library. Matthew is mentioned in Matthew 9:9 [5] and Matthew 10:3 [6] as a tax collector (in the New International Version and other translations of the Bible) who, while sitting at the "receipt of custom" in Capernaum, was called to follow Jesus. [7]
Marcion believed Jesus was the savior sent by God, and Paul the Apostle was his chief apostle, but he rejected the Hebrew Bible and the God of Israel. Marcionists believed that the wrathful Hebrew God was a separate and lower entity than the all-forgiving God of the New Testament.
Armenian icon of the Apostle and Evangelist John the Theologian, 13th century by the Armenian manuscript illuminator Toros Roslin. John the Apostle was born into a family of Jewish fishermen on the Sea of Galilee. He was the son of Zebedee and the younger brother of James the Great. According to church tradition, their mother was Salome.