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Poneratoxin is a paralyzing neurotoxic peptide made by the bullet ant Paraponera clavata.It prevents inactivation of voltage gated sodium channels and therefore blocks synaptic transmission in the central nervous system. [1]
The specific epithet of the ant, clavata, means "club-shaped". [2] The generic name, Paraponera, translates to "near-Ponera". [3] Because of its fearsome reputation, the ant has several Native American, Spanish, and Portuguese local names in different geographical areas; perhaps the best-known of these is the Venezuelan nickname hormiga veinticuatro (the "24 ant" or "24-hour ant"), referring ...
Paraponera is a genus of ants and the only genus in the subfamily Paraponerinae. [2] The name means "near-Ponera".[3]It consists of two species: the extant Paraponera clavata, also known as a bullet ant, found in the Neotropics, and the very small [4] fossil species Paraponera dieteri known from Dominican amber (Early Miocene; 16-19 million years ago). [5]
Stinging ants cause a cutaneous condition that is different from that caused by biting venomous ants. Particularly painful are stings from fire ants, although the bullet ant's sting is considered by some to be the most painful insect sting. [3]: 450 First aid for fire ant bites includes external treatments and oral medicines. [citation needed ...
Bullet ant. Bullet ants, from the genus Paraponera, are found from Nicaragua southward to the Amazon Basin. They are and close relatives of the genus Dinoponera, which are New World ponerines known for their painful stings. [12] Driver ants. Driver ants, from the genus Dorylus, are found in the Old World, especially West Africa and the Congo ...
Santa Barbara County has spent a total of $15,000 eradicating local populations of red imported fire ants to prevent the invasive species from spreading.
This makes many experts put some children on fire ant venom immunotherapy, while others do not. [54] [65] The recommended maintenance dose is between 0.5 mL of a 1:100 w/v 1:10 w/v WBE. [66] For fire ant venom immunotherapy, the most common maintenance dose is 0.5 mL of a 1:200 (wt/vol) dilution. [67]
Bullet ant venom Paraponera clavata: Secretion: Poneratoxin: Deliriant: The Satere-Mawe people use bullet ants to get extremely painful stings in their initiation rites twenty times. [1] Colorado River toad bufotoxins: Incilius alvarius: Secretion: 5-MeO-DMT, bufotenin (et al.) Psychedelic: Bufo alvarious secretion has gained popularity in ...