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The diagnosis of a breath-holding spell is made clinically. A good history including the sequence of events, lack of incontinence and no postictal phase, help to make an accurate diagnosis. Some families are advised to make a video recording of the events to aid diagnosis. An electrocardiogram (ECG) may rule out cardiac arrhythmia as a cause. [1]
Apnea (also spelled apnoea in British English) [1] is the temporary cessation of breathing.During apnea, there is no movement of the muscles of inhalation, [citation needed] and the volume of the lungs initially remains unchanged.
The description of Joe, "the fat boy" in Dickens's novel The Pickwick Papers, is an accurate clinical picture of an adult with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome. [ 119 ] The early reports of obstructive sleep apnea in the medical literature described individuals who were very severely affected, often presenting with severe hypoxemia ...
However in two phase 3, double-blind, randomized, controlled trials involving adults with moderate-to-severe obstructive sleep apnea and obesity, tirzepatide for 52 weeks substantially reduced apneic-hypopnic events, body weight, hypoxic burden, hsCRP concentration, and systolic blood pressure, and it improved sleep-related patient-reported ...
“He knew I was very insecure about my pregnancy. I was very scared. He reassured me, ‘It’s real. Baby has a heartbeat. It’s a baby here. You’re OK. We’re gonna get through this ...
In very young infants under six weeks of age, especially premature infants, signs of infection may be less specific. They may have minimal respiratory involvement. Instead, they may exhibit decreased activity, irritability, poor feeding, or breathing difficulties. This can also be accompanied by apneic spells, or brief pauses in breathing. [4] [23]
The conditions of hypoxia and hypercapnia, whether caused by apnea or not, trigger additional effects on the body.The immediate effects of central sleep apnea on the body depend on how long the failure to breathe endures, how short is the interval between failures to breathe, and the presence or absence of independent conditions whose effects amplify those of an apneic episode.
Father with baby getting used to a swimming pool Baby submerged, instinctively holding his breath underwater. Infant swimming is the phenomenon of human babies and toddlers reflexively moving themselves through water and changing their rate of respiration and heart rate in response to being submerged.