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Ectopic ureters are found in 1 of every 2000–4000 patients, [6] and can be difficult to diagnose, but are most often seen on CT scans. [7] Ectopic ureter is commonly a result of a duplicated renal collecting system, a duplex kidney with 2 ureters. In this case, usually one ureter drains correctly to the bladder, with the duplicated ureter ...
Bladder outlet obstruction (or obstructive uropathy) occurs when urine is unable to flow from the kidneys through the ureters and out of the bladder through the urethra. Decreased flow of urine leads to swelling of the urinary tract, called hydronephrosis. This process of decreased flow of urine through the urinary tract can begin as early as ...
In the event the child was not born at a medical center with an appropriate exstrophy support team then transfer will likely follow. Upon transfer, or for those infants born at a medical center able to care for bladder exstrophy, imaging may take place in the first few hours of life prior to the child undergoing surgery. [3]
Cystoscopy has similar indications in animals, including visualisation and biopsy of mucosa, retrieval or destruction of urinary bladder stones and diagnosis of ectopic ureters. [9] [10] [11] In turtle and tortoises, cystoscopy has additional value as it permits the visualisation of internal organs due to the thin urinary bladder wall. [12]
Near-infrared fluorescence imaging: Emerging applications in robotic upper urinary tract surgery. Eur Urol. Apr 2014; 65(4):793-801. Borofsky M, Stifelman MD. Near-infrared fluorescence imaging in robotic partial nephrectomy. In Robotic Renal Surgery: Benign and Cancer Surgery for the Kidneys and Ureters (pp. 89-96). Springer US, 2013.
Epispadias is a birth defect in which the urethra fails to fully develop, resulting in urine leaving the body from an abnormal site. [1] In males, this may be an opening on the upper aspect of the penis, [2] and in females when the urethra develops too far anteriorly.
Ureterolysis is a surgical procedure aimed at exposing the ureter in order to free it from external pressure or adhesions or to avoid injury to it during pelvic surgery, most often hysterectomy. References
If the ureters have been resited as a result of surgery, for example due to a kidney transplant or due to past surgery for vesicoureteric reflux, that site may also become narrowed. [15] [1] A narrowed ureter may lead to ureteric enlargement and cause swelling of the kidneys (hydronephrosis). [13]