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  2. Osteocyte - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osteocyte

    The cell body varies in size from 5–20 micrometers in diameter and contain 40–60 cell processes per cell, [4] with a cell to cell distance between 20–30 micrometers. [3] A mature osteocyte contains a single nucleus that is located toward the vascular side and has one or two nucleoli and a membrane. [ 5 ]

  3. Chondrocyte - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chondrocyte

    Mesenchymal (mesoderm origin) stem cells are undifferentiated, meaning they can differentiate into a variety of generative cells commonly known as osteochondrogenic (or osteogenic, chondrogenic, osteoprogenitor, etc.) cells. When referring to bone, or in this case cartilage, the originally undifferentiated mesenchymal stem cells lose their ...

  4. Bone canaliculus - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bone_canaliculus

    Diameter of canaliculi in human bone is approximately 200 to 900 nm. [1] In bovine tibia diameter of canaliculi was found to vary from 155 to 844 nm (average 426 nm). [ 2 ] In mice humeri it varies from 80 to 710 nm (average 259 nm), while diameter of osteocytic processes varies from 50 to 410 nm (average 104 nm).

  5. Solar cell - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_cell

    A solar cell, also known as a photovoltaic cell (PV cell), is an electronic device that converts the energy of light directly into electricity by means of the photovoltaic effect. [1] It is a form of photoelectric cell, a device whose electrical characteristics (such as current, voltage, or resistance) vary when it is exposed to light.

  6. Osteoblast - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osteoblast

    In the hollow within bones are many other cell types of the bone marrow. Components that are essential for osteoblast bone formation include mesenchymal stem cells (osteoblast precursor) and blood vessels that supply oxygen and nutrients for bone formation. Bone is a highly vascular tissue, and active formation of blood vessel cells, also from ...

  7. Theory of solar cells - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theory_of_solar_cells

    Band diagram of a silicon solar cell, corresponding to very low current (horizontal Fermi level), very low voltage (metal valence bands at same height), and therefore very low illumination. When a photon is absorbed, its energy is given to an electron in the crystal lattice. Usually this electron is in the valence band.

  8. Osteoclast - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osteoclast

    At a site of active bone resorption, the osteoclast forms a specialized cell membrane, the "ruffled border", that opposes the surface of the bone tissue. This extensively folded or ruffled border facilitates bone removal by dramatically increasing the cell surface for secretion and uptake of the resorption compartment contents and is a ...

  9. Biological photovoltaics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biological_photovoltaics

    Biological photovoltaic devices are a type of biological electrochemical system, or microbial fuel cell, and are sometimes also called photo-microbial fuel cells or “living solar cells”. [3] In a biological photovoltaic system, electrons generated by photolysis of water are transferred to an anode. [4]