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The nucleocapsid (N) protein is a protein that packages the positive-sense RNA genome of coronaviruses to form ribonucleoprotein structures enclosed within the viral capsid. [ 2 ] [ 3 ] The N protein is the most highly expressed of the four major coronavirus structural proteins . [ 2 ]
The capsid and core together are referred to as a nucleocapsid (cf. also virion). Capsids are broadly classified according to their structure. The majority of the viruses have capsids with either helical or icosahedral [ 2 ] [ 3 ] structure.
The p24 capsid protein (CA) is a 24 kDa protein fused to the C-terminus of MA in the unprocessed HIV Gag polyprotein. After viral maturation, CA forms the viral capsid. CA has two generally recognized domains, the C-terminal domain (CTD) and the N-terminal domain (NTD). The CA CTD and NTD have distinct roles during HIV budding and capsid structure.
The capsid is a "shield" that protects the viral nucleic acids from getting degraded by host enzymes or other types of pesticides or pestilences. It also functions to attach the virion to its host, and enable the virion to penetrate the host cell membrane.
Virus genomes (either DNA or RNA) are extremely tightly packed into the viral capsid. [ 4 ] [ 5 ] Many viruses are therefore little more than an organised collection of nucleoproteins with their binding sites pointing inwards.
Review articles cover general virology, the mechanisms of viral disease, host–pathogen interactions, and cellular and immune responses to viral infection. [3] As of 2024, Journal Citation Reports lists the journal's 2023 impact factor as 8.1, ranking it third of 41 journal titles in the category "Virology". [2]
These are gB, gC, gD, gE, gG, gH, gI, gJ, gK, gL and gM. Tegument contains 26 proteins. They have duties such as capsid transport to the nucleus and other organelles, activation of early gene transcription, and mRNA degradation. The icosahedral nucleocapsid is similar to that of tailed bacteriophage in the order Caudovirales. This capsid has ...
During viral maturation, the Gag polyprotein is cleaved by the retroviral protease into several corresponding structural proteins, yielding the matrix (MA), capsid (CA), and nucleocapsid (NC) proteins, and some smaller peptides. Gag-derived proteins govern the entire assembly and release of the virus particles, with matrix proteins playing key ...