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Artaxerxes was probably born in the reign of his grandfather Darius I, to the emperor's son and heir, Xerxes I.In 465 BC, Xerxes I was murdered by Hazarapat ("commander of thousand") Artabanus, the commander of the royal bodyguard and the most powerful official in the Persian court, with the help of a eunuch, Aspamitres. [9]
The life and reign of Artaxerxes II is mostly attested in classical Greek sources, which generally focuses on the history of the western front. However, due to Artaxerxes II's younger brother Cyrus the Younger recruiting many Greeks during his rebellion against his brother, the reign of Artaxerxes II is well documented until Cyrus' death at the ...
Reign of Artaxerxes II. [14] 397 BCE. The alternative proposed date of the mission of Ezra the Scribe (if he served under Artaxerxes II). [11] 400–300 BCE. Ezra–Nehemiah (Book of Ezra and Book of Nehemiah) is written. An early Hebrew form of 1 Esdras, an alternative account, is also possibly created. [15] [11] 359–338 BCE. Reign of ...
Artaxerxes I Artaxerxes was another of Xerxes’ sons whom the succession fell to after the deaths of his father and older brothers. Artaxerxes ruled, following the death of his father from 465 to 424 BCE. Artaxerxes I's reign saw the beginning of the decline of the 27th dynasty, due to rising tensions and threats to total Persian control.
Ardakhshir (Ardashir) is the Middle Persian form of the Old Persian Ṛtaxšira (also spelled Artaxšaçā, meaning "whose reign is through truth"). [1] [2] The Latin variant of the name is Artaxerxes. [1] Three kings of the Achaemenid Empire were known to have the same name. [1]
Artaxerxes III of Persia (425 BC–338 BC), Artaxerxes III Ochus, r. 358–338 BC, son and successor of Artaxerxes II; Artaxerxes IV of Persia (died 336 BC), Artaxerxes IV Arses, r. 338–336 BC, son and successor of Artaxerxes III; Artaxerxes V of Persia (died 329 BC), Artaxerxes V Bessus, r. 330–329 BC, nobleman who seized the throne from ...
The Rebuilding of Jerusalem. In the 20th year of Artaxerxes I (445 or 444 BC), [7] Nehemiah was cup-bearer to the king. [8] Learning that the remnant of Jews in Judah were in distress and that the walls of Jerusalem were broken down, he asked the king for permission to return and rebuild the city, [9] around 13 years after Ezra's arrival in Jerusalem in ca. 458 BC. [10]
Artaxerxes III's early death proved to be a problematic issue for Persia, [3] and may have played a role in the weakening of the country. [2] The majority of Artaxerxes III's sons, with the exception of Arses and Bisthanes, were also murdered by Bagoas. [3] Bagoas, who wanted to be kingmaker, put the young Arses on the throne. [3] [2]