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  2. Electric arc furnace - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_arc_furnace

    Initially "electric steel" produced by an electric arc furnace was a specialty product for such uses as machine tools and spring steel. Arc furnaces were also used to prepare calcium carbide for use in carbide lamps. The Stassano electric furnace is an arc type furnace that usually rotates to mix the bath.

  3. Waelz process - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waelz_process

    Increased use of galvanised steel has resulted in increased levels of zinc in steel scrap which in turn leads to higher levels of zinc in electric arc furnace flue dusts. As of 2000, the waelz process is considered to be a "best available technology" for flue dust zinc recovery and the process is used at industrial scale worldwide. [7]

  4. Basic oxygen steelmaking - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basic_oxygen_steelmaking

    By 1970, half of the world's and 80% of Japan's steel output was produced in oxygen converters. [3] In the last quarter of the 20th century, use of basic oxygen converters for steel production was gradually, partially replaced by the electric arc furnace using scrap steel and iron. In Japan the share of LD process decreased from 80% in 1970 to ...

  5. Steelmaking - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steelmaking

    A "heat" (batch) of iron is loaded into the furnace, sometimes with a "hot heel" (molten steel from a previous heat). Gas burners may assist with the melt. As in BOS, fluxes are added to protect the vessel lining and help impurity removal. The furnaces are typically 100 tonne-capacity that produce steel every 40 to 50 minutes. [15]

  6. Open-hearth furnace - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open-hearth_furnace

    As of 2024, the largest steel mill in the world that still produces steel using the Open-Hearth Furnaces is the Zaporizhstal steel mill in central Ukraine - which has seven 500-ton capacity OHFs and one twin-hearth furnace as well as four blast furnaces. The availability of fuel oil in large, cheap quantities, as well as the ongoing invasion ...

  7. ArcelorMittal, Nippon Steel to build new electric arc furnace ...

    www.aol.com/news/arcelormittal-nippon-steel...

    Japan's Nippon Steel Corp and ArcelorMittal SA will spend $775 million to build an electric arc furnace at their U.S. joint venture in Alabama, with a planned start date in the first half of 2023 ...

  8. Submerged-arc furnace for phosphorus production - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Submerged-arc_furnace_for...

    A submerge-arc furnace's shell or casing is fabricated from steel. The lower part is lined with hard blocks of strongly calcined carbon, and the upper part with firebrick. The floor and lower section of the furnace are water-cooled. Three electrodes are placed at the angles of an equilateral triangle with rounded corners.

  9. Blast furnace - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blast_furnace

    In a blast furnace, fuel , ores, and flux are continuously supplied through the top of the furnace, while a hot blast of air (sometimes with oxygen enrichment) is blown into the lower section of the furnace through a series of pipes called tuyeres, so that the chemical reactions take place throughout the furnace as the material falls downward.