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The Mansudae Grand Monument in Pyongyang in 2014 depicting Kim Il Sung (left) and Kim Jong Il (right), with visitors paying homage to the statues. [1]The North Korean cult of personality surrounding the Kim family [2] has existed in North Korea for decades and can be found in many examples of North Korean culture. [3]
The group is apocalyptic [9] and messianic in character, [12] and has been described as a doomsday cult. [12]The group's founder and leader is variously referred to by church followers as "Chairman Lee (이 총회장)"; "the Chairman (회장)"; "the Promised Pastor (약속의 목자)"; "the One who Overcomes (이긴자)"; or "the Advocate (대언자)."
By converting North Korea into a "huge open museum", [5] Kim's goal in designating the sites was to solidify the North Korean cult of personality centered around him and his father Kim Il Sung. [2] In 1988, there were 27 such sites. [6] Today, there are more than 60.
Following their escape, Shin lived in the United States for many years working in the film industry before returning home to South Korea. North Korea issued a statement denying the claims that Shin and Choi had been kidnapped and instead maintained that Shin and Choi had voluntarily defected to North Korea [4] and claimed they embezzled a large ...
The peer-reviewed academic journal North Korean Review, published by the Institute for North Korean Studies at the University of Detroit Mercy in Detroit, Michigan, United States, reports that "Like his father Kim Jong-il during his lifetime, Kim Jong-un has so far avoided a cult of personality around himself that would include statues, street ...
[1] [a] North Korea officially recognizes Kim Il Sung's "first" guidance tour as a trip to a Pyongyang factory on 24 September 1945, but "whether this was really a guidance tour is doubtful," as Kim's local visits "were irregular and intermittent in the 1940s, rather than planned and routinized as they were in the 1950s and 1960s."
Pulgasari [a] is an epic monster film [i] directed and produced by Shin Sang-ok in 1985 during his North Korean abduction.A co-production between North Korea, Japan, and China, it is considered a remake of Bulgasari, a 1962 South Korean film that also depicts Bulgasari/Pulgasari, a creature from Korean folklore.
In 1949, North Korea awarded him the Order of the National Flag, 3rd Class, but this did not stop the mocking of his neighbors. [20] Outraged, he wrote a letter to the Ministry of Defense in Moscow. After some delay, in fall 1951, he received the lesser Order of the Red Banner award instead of what was originally promised.