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  2. Covalent bond - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Covalent_bond

    A covalent bond forming H 2 (right) where two hydrogen atoms share the two electrons. A covalent bond is a chemical bond that involves the sharing of electrons to form electron pairs between atoms. These electron pairs are known as shared pairs or bonding pairs.

  3. Formal charge - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Formal_charge

    Formal charges in ozone and the nitrate anion. In chemistry, a formal charge (F.C. or q*), in the covalent view of chemical bonding, is the hypothetical charge assigned to an atom in a molecule, assuming that electrons in all chemical bonds are shared equally between atoms, regardless of relative electronegativity.

  4. Chemical bond - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemical_bond

    The Lewis structure shows electrons shared between C and H atoms. Covalent bonding is a common type of bonding in which two or more atoms share valence electrons more or less equally. The simplest and most common type is a single bond in which two atoms share two electrons.

  5. Electron - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electron

    Chemical bonds between atoms were explained by Gilbert Newton Lewis, who in 1916 proposed that a covalent bond between two atoms is maintained by a pair of electrons shared between them. [53] Later, in 1927, Walter Heitler and Fritz London gave the full explanation of the electron-pair formation and chemical bonding in terms of quantum ...

  6. Valence electron - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valence_electron

    This tendency is called the octet rule, because each bonded atom has 8 valence electrons including shared electrons. Similarly, a transition metal tends to react to form a d 10 s 2 p 6 electron configuration. This tendency is called the 18-electron rule, because each bonded atom has 18 valence electrons including shared electrons.

  7. Metallic bonding - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metallic_bonding

    Metallic bonding is a type of chemical bonding that arises from the electrostatic attractive force between conduction electrons (in the form of an electron cloud of delocalized electrons) and positively charged metal ions.

  8. The safest cars in 2025 - AOL

    www.aol.com/finance/safest-cars-2025-163000675.html

    Safest Small Cars 2025 Mazda 3. The stylish Mazda 3 has a lot to offer compact-car shoppers, including great looks, a composed driving experience, and reasonable fuel economy from its base 2.0 ...

  9. Lewis structure - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lewis_structure

    A trick is to count up valence electrons, then count up the number of electrons needed to complete the octet rule (or with hydrogen just 2 electrons), then take the difference of these two numbers. The answer is the number of electrons that make up the bonds. The rest of the electrons just go to fill all the other atoms' octets.