Search results
Results from the WOW.Com Content Network
Another type of normalization is based on a measure of loudness, wherein the gain is changed to bring the average loudness to a target level. This average may be approximate, such as a simple measurement of average power (e.g. RMS), or more accurate, such as a measure that addresses human perception e.g. that defined by EBU R128 and offered by ReplayGain, Sound Check and GoldWave.
In fluid dynamics, normalized root mean square deviation (NRMSD), coefficient of variation (CV), and percent RMS are used to quantify the uniformity of flow behavior such as velocity profile, temperature distribution, or gas species concentration. The value is compared to industry standards to optimize the design of flow and thermal equipment ...
A 1951 USAF resolution test chart is a microscopic optical resolution test device originally defined by the U.S. Air Force MIL-STD-150A standard of 1951. The design provides numerous small target shapes exhibiting a stepped assortment of precise spatial frequency specimens.
The standard deviation of the observed field () is side a, the standard deviation of the test field () is side b, the centered RMS difference (centered RMS difference is the mean-removed RMS difference, and is equivalent to the standard deviation of the model errors [17]) between the two fields (E′) is side c, and the cosine of the angle ...
The maximum contrast of an image is termed the contrast ratio or dynamic range. In images where the contrast ratio approaches the maximum possible for the medium, there is a conservation of contrast. In such cases, increasing contrast in certain parts of the image will necessarily result in a decrease in contrast elsewhere.
The peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) is the peak amplitude squared (giving the peak power) divided by the RMS value squared (giving the average power). [1] It is the square of the crest factor. When expressed in decibels , crest factor and PAPR are equivalent, due to the way decibels are calculated for power ratios vs amplitude ratios .
max is the maximum value for color level in the input image within the selected kernel. min is the minimum value for color level in the input image within the selected kernel. [4] Local contrast stretching considers each range of color palate in the image (R, G, and B) separately, providing a set of minimum and maximum values for each color palate.
The ambiguity is if a full scale sinusoidal in a digital system is defined to have an RMS level of −3 dBFS RMS or if it should be defined to have a RMS value of 0 dBFS RMS, equal to the dBFS peak value. Today, the interpretation by many companies tend to go towards a definition that a full scale sinusoidal is −3 dBFS RMS and 0 dBFS peak.