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Uruk, one of Sumer's largest cities, has been estimated to have had a population of 50,000–80,000 at its height. [62] Given the other cities in Sumer, and the large agricultural population, a rough estimate for Sumer's population might be 0.8 million to 1.5 million. The world population at this time has been estimated at 27 million. [63]
This is the area of ancient Sumer, where around 4000 BC the Mesopotamian cities such of Ur and Uruk emerged. [1] In 2007, following the discoveries at Hamoukar, some archaeologists have argued that the Cradle of Civilization could have extended further up the Tigris River and included the part of northern Syria where Hamoukar is located. [2]
Ur [a] (/ ʊr / or / ɜːr / [3]) was an important Sumerian city-state in ancient Mesopotamia, located at the site of modern Tell el-Muqayyar [b] (Arabic: تَلّ ٱلْمُقَيَّر, lit. ' mound of bitumen ') in Dhi Qar Governorate , southern Iraq .
The history of Sumer spans through the 5th to 3rd millennia BCE in southern Mesopotamia, and is taken to include the prehistoric Ubaid and Uruk periods. Sumer was the region's earliest known civilization and ended with the downfall of the Third Dynasty of Ur around 2004 BCE.
Today, Mesopotamia is known as present-day Iraq. [1] [2] In the broader sense, the historical region of Mesopotamia also includes parts of present-day Iran, Turkey, Syria and Kuwait. [3] [4] Mesopotamia is the site of the earliest developments of the Neolithic Revolution from around 10,000 BC.
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Mesopotamia in the time of Hammurabi. Larsa (Sumerian: 𒌓𒀕𒆠, romanized: UD.UNUG KI, [1] read Larsam ki [2]), also referred to as Larancha/Laranchon (Gk. Λαραγχων) by Berossos and connected with the biblical Ellasar, was an important city-state of ancient Sumer, the center of the cult of the sun god Utu with his temple E-babbar.
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