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Cyprus was part of the British Empire under military occupation from 1914 to 1925 and a Crown colony from 1925 to 1960. Cyprus's status as a protectorate of the British Empire ended in 1914 when the Ottoman Empire declared war against the Triple Entente powers, which included Great Britain.
Soon after that, the French army under the House of Lusignan occupied the island, establishing the Kingdom of Cyprus in 1192. [21] They declared Latin as the official language, later replacing it with French; much later, Greek was recognized as a second official language.
However, the Republic of Cyprus is de facto partitioned into two main parts: the area under the effective control of the Republic, in the south and west and comprising about 59% of the island's area, and the north, [119] administered by the self-declared Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus, covering about 36% of the island's area.
The earliest site of putative human activity on Cyprus is Aetokremnos, situated on the south coast. Fossilised animal remains and lithic tools indicate that seasonal hunter-gatherers were active on the island from around 12,000 BC. [1] [2] Extinction of the endemic to Cyprus pigmy hippos and pigmy elephants, likely due to human presence. [3] [4]
King Paul of Greece declared that Cyprus desired union with Greece in 1948. A referendum was presented by the Orthodox Church of Cyprus in 1950, according to which around 97% of the Greek Cypriot population wanted the union. The Greek petition and enosis became an international issue when it was accepted by the United Nations
Northern Cyprus declared its independence in 1983 with its official name being the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus (TRNC).It is recognized by Turkey.. With United Nations Security Council resolution 541, adopted on 18 November 1983, after reaffirming Resolution 365 (1974) and Resolution 367 (1975), the Council considered Northern Cyprus' decision to declare independence legally invalid.
The United Nations Buffer Zone in Cyprus was established along the ceasefire line. The Temporary Turkish Cypriot Administration was created on 1 October 1974, and on 13 February 1975 the Turkish Federated State of Cyprus was declared. It was intended for this declaration to be the first step towards a federated Turkish Cypriot state, and that ...
The Cyprus Convention of 4 June 1878 was a secret agreement reached between Great Britain and the Ottoman Empire which granted ... declared, "We have no right, except ...