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Epithelial–mesenchymal transition was first recognized as a feature of embryogenesis by Betty Hay in the 1980s. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] EMT, and its reverse process, MET ( mesenchymal-epithelial transition ) are critical for development of many tissues and organs in the developing embryo, and numerous embryonic events such as gastrulation , neural crest ...
During the epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT), the primary mesenchyme cells (PMCs) detach from the epithelium and become internalized mesenchyme cells that can migrate freely. [ 1 ] While the mechanisms of ingression are not fully understood, studies using the sea urchin as a model organism have begun to shed light on this developmental ...
Unlike epithelial cells – which are stationary and characterized by an apico-basal polarity with binding by a basal lamina, tight junctions, gap junctions, adherent junctions and expression of cell-cell adhesion markers such as E-cadherin, [4] mesenchymal cells do not make mature cell-cell contacts, can invade through the extracellular matrix, and express markers such as vimentin ...
Neural mesenchyme soon undergoes a mesenchymal–epithelial transition under the influence of WNT6 produced by ectoderm to form somites. [20] These structures will undergo a secondary EMT as the somite tissue migrates later in development to form structural connective tissue such as cartilage and skeletal muscle. [21]
ERM plays a role in cementum repair and regeneration. [1] The stem cells in ERM can undergo an epithelial–mesenchymal transition and differentiate into diverse types of cells of mesodermal and ectodermal origin like bone, fat, cartilage and neuron-like cells. [2]
This is done by inducing differentiation of enterocytes into M cell type in gut epithelium. [1] In one case, the SopB effector protein mentioned above is secreted to trigger fast differentiation of enterocytes localized in the FAE by initiation of epithelial to mesenchymal transition in these cells.
The neural crest is a ridge-like structure that is formed transiently between the epidermal ectoderm and neural plate during vertebrate development. Neural crest cells originate from this structure through the epithelial-mesenchymal transition, and in turn give rise to a diverse cell lineage—including melanocytes, craniofacial cartilage and bone, smooth muscle, dentin, peripheral and enteric ...
This argument marshals an established signaling program termed the epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT), by which sessile epithelial cells become motile and break cell-cell contacts. [17] EMT has been proposed as the transcriptional signaling cascade that drives cell scattering, although previously researchers did not conflate the two.