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Phonemic awareness builds a foundation for students to understand the rules of the English language. This in turn allows each student to apply these skills and increase his or her oral reading fluency and understanding of the text. [3] There are studies also demonstrating this for student's learning to read in non-English language. [4]
For most children, strong readers have strong phonological awareness, and poor readers have poor phonological awareness skills. [4] [5] [6] [47] Phonological awareness skills in the preschool and kindergarten years also strongly predict how well a child will read in the school years.
According to the theory, auditory learners must be able to hear what is being said to understand, and may have difficulty with instructions that are written or drawn. They also use their listening and repeating skills to sort through the information presented to them. [3] Few studies have found validity in using learning styles in education. [4]
Reading books with repetitive words and rhyming books is especially helpful; it can help children hear the patterns in words that look and sound the same, Cross says.
Most models describing reading skills are based on studies of children with typical hearing. [102] One such widely applied model, the simple view of reading, [103] identifies decoding (matching text to speech sounds) and fluency in a first language (its vocabulary and syntax) as being foundational for fluent reading. [102]
The Institute of Education Sciences (the independent, non-partisan statistics, research, and evaluation arm of the U.S. Department of Education), describes the approach as follows: "Orton-Gillingham is a broad, multisensory approach to teaching reading and spelling that can be modified for individual or group instruction at all reading levels.
Reading is the process of taking in the sense or meaning of symbols, often specifically those of a written language, by means of sight or touch. [1] [2] [3] [4]For educators and researchers, reading is a multifaceted process involving such areas as word recognition, orthography (spelling), alphabetics, phonics, phonemic awareness, vocabulary, comprehension, fluency, and motivation.
Reading by using phonics is often referred to as decoding words, sounding-out words or using print-to-sound relationships.Since phonics focuses on the sounds and letters within words (i.e. sublexical), [13] it is often contrasted with whole language (a word-level-up philosophy for teaching reading) and a compromise approach called balanced literacy (the attempt to combine whole language and ...