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Thus when the 100 kg block (solid calculation) is filled with liquid it contains a mass of only 94 kg. The 6 kg, has to be supplied from a "riser" or "feeder" during solidification - thus the solid object now has a mass of 100 kg. The method is a system to deal with the volume loss during solidification. This (technically) is not an allowance.
Delay calculation is the term used in integrated circuit design for the calculation of the gate delay of a single logic gate and the wires attached to it. By contrast, static timing analysis computes the delays of entire paths, using delay calculation to determine the delay of each gate and wire.
It is important to keep the size of the gating system small, because it all must be cut from the casting and remelted to be reused. The efficiency, or yield, of a casting system can be calculated by dividing the weight of the casting by the weight of the metal poured. Therefore, the higher the number the more efficient the gating system/risers ...
In integrated circuit design, physical design is a step in the standard design cycle which follows after the circuit design.At this step, circuit representations of the components (devices and interconnects) of the design are converted into geometric representations of shapes which, when manufactured in the corresponding layers of materials, will ensure the required functioning of the components.
A bronze casting showing the sprue and risers. A riser, also known as a feeder, [1] is a reservoir built into a metal casting mold to prevent cavities due to shrinkage.Most metals are less dense as a liquid than as a solid so castings shrink upon cooling, which can leave a void at the last point to solidify.
An analogy may be found in a water system that employs a water main (sprue) and smaller pipes (runners) to individual houses. The gate is the location at which the molten plastic enters the mold cavity and is often evidenced by a small nub or projection (the "gate mark") on the molded piece.
C load = total MOS gate capacitance driven by the logic gate under consideration C in = the MOS gate capacitance of the logic gate under consideration As a delay metric, one FO4 is the delay of an inverter , driven by an inverter 4x smaller than itself, and driving an inverter 4x larger than itself.
In a synchronous digital system, data is supposed to move in "lockstep", advancing one stage on each tick of the clock signal. This is enforced by synchronizing elements such as flip-flops or latches, which copy their input to their output when instructed to do so by the clock. Only two kinds of timing errors are possible in such a system: